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Perspective
Eastern Armenian verb table
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The following is an Eastern Armenian verb table. The Western Armenian verb table can be found here.
Conjugations
Summarize
Perspective
Affirmative/Interrogative
Type I/II
(This conjugation is termed "I/II" to coincide with historic/Western numbering, where there are still three distinct conjugations)
Note that traditional Armenian grammars use Aorist for Preterite and Optative for Subjunctive. In Armenian, gerunds / gerundives / converbs (verbal noun) are interchangeable with an English relative clause. For example,
նամակ գրող մարդը namak groġ mardə - The man who is writing a letter / The man writing a letter (there is only a present tense gerund in English)
նամակ գրած մարդը namak grac mardə - The man who has written a letter
մարդու գրելիք նամակը mardu grelik’ namakə - The letter that the man will write (roughly, "the man's will-be written letter")
Additionally, the synchronical gerund or present participle II denotes a simultaneous action. In other words, a concurrency between two verbs:
Ես վազելիս ընկա yes vazelis ənka - I fell while running
Note: the Conditional mood is sometimes labeled the Hypothetical mood; in the Necessative, պետք է petk’ ē is used as a stronger form of պիտի piti; and that resultive constructions are not moods. They convey a state as a result from a prior action. Compare:
նստում եմ nstum em, I am sitting down, and նստած եմ nstac em, I am sitting.
կառուցվում է kaṙuc’voum ē, it is getting built, and կառուցված է kaṙuc’vac ē, it is built.
Type III
(This conjugation is termed "III" (instead of "II") to coincide with historic/Western numbering, where there are still three distinct conjugations)
Indicative
|
Imperfect | Preterite | Future | ||
1sg
|
yes
|
kardum em
|
kardum êi
|
kardac'i
|
kardalu yem
|
Perfect | Pluperfect | Fut. Perfect | |||
1sg
|
kardac'el em
|
kardac'el êi
|
kardalu êi
| ||
Optative
|
Past | Conditional
|
Past | ||
1sg
|
kardam
|
kardayi
|
kkardam
|
kkardayi
| |
Jussive
|
Past | Imperative
| |||
1sg
|
piti kardam
|
piti kardayi
|
| ||
Infinitive
|
kardal (to read)
|
Negative
Type I
Note: the formation of the negative is the same for all conjugations. The examples below are based on the first conjugation.
Indicative
|
Imperfect | Preterite | Future | ||
1sg
|
yes
|
ch'em sirum
|
ch'êi sirum
|
ch'sirec'i
|
ch'em sirelu
|
Perfect | Pluperfect | Fut. Perfect | |||
1sg
|
ch'em sirel
|
ch'êi sirel
|
ch'êi sirelu
| ||
Optative
|
Past | Conditional
|
Past | ||
1sg
|
ch'sirem
|
ch'sirei
|
ch'em siri
|
ch'êi siri
| |
Jussive
|
Past | Imperative
| |||
1sg
|
*piti ch'sirem
|
*piti ch'sirei
|
| ||
Infinitive
|
ch'sirel (to not love)
|
Note: the negative jussive forms may also be (in Eastern Armenian) ch'piti sirem, ch'piti sires, etc; ch'piti sirei, ch'piti sireir, etc.
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