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2006
Calendar year From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2006th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 6th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 7th year of the 2000s decade.
From left to right, top to bottom:
- The 2006 Lebanon War took place
- Social media platform Twitter was launched
- The 2006 Winter Olympics are held in Turin, Italy.
- 2006 FIFA World Cup was held in Germany and was won by Italy
- The 2006 Mumbai train bombings occurred. It is one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in India, killing at least 200.
- Wii, a gaming control by Nintendo, was launched
- The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake kills 5,700
- Pluto is declared a dwarf planet
- Comair Flight 5191 crashes following takeoff from the wrong runaway, killing all but the pilot.
2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification.[1]
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Population
The world population on January 1, 2006, was estimated to be 6.629 billion people and increased to 6.714 billion people by January 1, 2007.[2] An estimated 138.5 million births and 53.3 million deaths took place in 2006.[2] The average global life expectancy was 68.6 years, an increase of 0.5 years from 2005.[2]
The estimated number of global refugees increased from 8.65 million to 9.88 million by the end of the year, marking an end to several years of declining rates.[3] The number of refugees from Iraq increased by about 1.2 million, and the global number also increased by 464,000 after a change to how the United Nations counted refugees that resided in the United States.[3] Afghanistan remained the largest source of refugees with 2.1 million people.[4]
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Conflicts
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Perspective
There were 32 conflicts in 2006 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, all of which were intrastate conflicts fought by violent non-state actors.[5] Five resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the Iraqi insurgency, Eelam War IV in Sri Lanka, the Chadian Civil War, and the Sudanese War in Darfur.[6] Peace agreements were made with at least one faction in conflicts in Angola, Burundi, Chad, Nepal, and Sudan.[7]
The 2006 Lebanon War began when Hezbollah launched an attack against Israel on July 12 and continued until August 14 when the United Nations send additional peacekeepers to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon.[8] Israel also remained in conflict with Palestine as Hamas rose to power in the latter nation.[9] The Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan intensified to its highest point since the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001,[10] and the National Liberation Front of Tripura escalated conflict in India after a brief period of relative peace the previous year.[8] Two major rebel groups entered into conflicts in 2006: the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity in the Central African Bush War and the Islamic Courts Union in the Somali Civil War. The latter prompted the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia as Ethiopia sought to prevent the creation of an Islamic state in Somalia.[11]
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Events
January
- January 1–4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute.[12]
- January 12 – A stampede during the Stoning of the Devil ritual on the last day at the Hajj in Mina, Saudi Arabia, kills at least 362 pilgrims.[13][14]
- January 15 – NASA's Stardust mission successfully ends, the first to return dust from a comet.[15]
- January 19 – NASA launches the first interplanetary space probe to Pluto, the New Horizons.[16]
- January 22 – Evo Morales is inaugurated as president of Bolivia.
- January 25 – Hamas wins the 2006 Palestinian legislative election.[17]
- January 29 – The roof of one of the buildings at the Katowice International Fair collapsed in Katowice, Poland, killing 65 and injuring 170.[18]
- January 30 – Jennifer San Marco goes on a killing spree in Goleta, California, United States that leaves seven people dead before she takes her own life.[19]
February
- February 4 – Egyptian passenger ferry, MS al-Salam Boccaccio 98, sinks in the Red Sea off the coast of Saudi Arabia, killing over 1,000 people.[20]
- February 6 – Stephen Harper is sworn in as the Prime Minister of Canada.[21]
- February 10–26 – The 2006 Winter Olympics are held in Turin, Italy.[22]
- February 17 – A massive mudslide occurs in Southern Leyte, Philippines killing an estimated 1,126 people.[23]
- February 22 – 2006 al-Askari mosque bombing: Explosions occur at the al-Askari Shrine in Samarra, Iraq. The attack on the shrine, one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, causes the escalation of sectarian violence in Iraq into a full-scale war (the Iraqi Civil War of 2006–2008).[24]
March
- March 9 – NASA's Cassini–Huygens spacecraft announces a geyser-like emission of vapor, dust, and small ice crystals on Saturn's moon Enceladus, possibly indicating the presence of water.[25][26]
- March 10
- NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter enters orbit around Mars.[27]
- Michelle Bachelet becomes the first female president of Chile.
- March 15 – The United Nations General Assembly votes overwhelmingly to establish the United Nations Human Rights Council.[28]
- March 21 – Microblogging and social networking service website Twitter was launched.
April
- April 4 – The Faddoul Brothers, kidnapped on February 23, 2006, in Caracas, Venezuela, are found dead, causing outrage and mass protests against insecurity in the country.[29][30][31]
- April 11
- The European Space Agency's Venus Express spaceprobe enters Venus' orbit.[32]
- President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad confirms that Iran has successfully produced a few grams of low-grade enriched uranium.[33][34]
- April 20 – Iran announces a deal with Russia, involving a joint uranium enrichment firm on Russian soil;[35] nine days later Iran announces that it will not move all activity to Russia, thus leading to a de facto termination of the deal.
May
- May 17 – The Human Genome Project publishes the final chromosome sequence, in Nature.[36]
- May 18–20 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2006 takes place in Athens, Greece, and is won by Finnish band entrant Lordi with the song "Hard Rock Hallelujah".
- May 27 – The 6.4 Mw Yogyakarta earthquake shakes central Java in Indonesia with an MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), leaving more than 5,700 dead and 37,000 injured.[37][38]
June
- June 3 – Montenegro declares its independence from Serbia and Montenegro after a May 21 referendum and becomes a sovereign state. Two days later, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro officially disbands after Serbia declares its independence as well, ending an 88-year union between the two countries[39] and leaving Serbia as the successor country to the union.[40][41]
- June 7 – Al Qaeda terrorist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi is killed by a US airstrike.[42]
- June 9 to July 9 – The 2006 FIFA World Cup takes place in Germany; Italy defeats France in the final.[43][44]
- June 14 - The 2006 Kismet Train Collision occurs in California. At 5:51 AM, two BNSF Railway freight trains collided head-on at the Kismet Siding in Kismet, California near Madera, California. The southbound mixed manifest train (BNSF #4059) disregarded a red signal at East Kismet instead of stopping and crashed into the northbound grain train (BNSF #4479). The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) investigation revealed that the southbound train's conductor had traces of cocaine in his system, which likely impaired his judgement and vision. The crash was also caught on camera after railroads particularly BNSF, started installing cameras onboard locomotives to capture all sorts of events from the crew's point of view.
- June 28
- Israel launches an offensive in the Gaza Strip in response to rocketfire by Hamas into Israeli territory.[45]
- The United States Armed Forces withdraws its forces in Iceland, thereby disbanding the Iceland Defense Force.[46]
July
- July 1 – The Qinghai–Tibet railway begins operation, making Tibet the final province-level entity of China to establish a conventional railway.[47]
- July 6 – The Nathu La pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.[48]
- July 11 – A series of seven bomb blasts hits the city of Mumbai, India, killing more than 200 people.[49]
- July 12 – Israeli troops invade Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers and killing three others. Hezbollah declares open war against Israel two days later.[50]
August
- August 10 – News was revealed of a thwarted terrorist plot to detonate liquid explosives disguised as soft drinks, aboard multiple transatlantic air flights.
- August 14 – Sri Lankan civil war, Chencholai bombing: 61 female students in Mullaitivu are killed by the Sri Lankan Air Force in an air strike.[51]
- August 16 – Russian government patrol boat shoots at a Japanese fishing boat, killing one crew member.[52][53]
- August 22 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border in Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.[54]
- August 24 – The International Astronomical Union defines 'planet' at its 26th General Assembly, removing Pluto's status as a planet and reclassifying it as a dwarf planet 76 years after its discovery. Ironically, this was in the same year when NASA sent its first probe to the celestial body.[55][16]
- August 27 – Comair Flight 5191 crashes on takeoff from Blue Grass Airport, Lexington, Kentucky, killing all 47 passengers and two of three crewmembers.
September
- September 1 – Analog terrestrial television is switched off in Luxembourg, being the first country to do so.
- September 7
- British Prime Minister Tony Blair announces his intention to resign by the end of 2007.[56]
- Partial lunar eclipse, visible over most of Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia.
- September 19 – The Royal Thai Army overthrows the government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup.[57]
- September 22 – Annular solar eclipse, visible in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, parts of Brazil, and the southern Atlantic.
- September 28 – Typhoon Xangsane passed Manila on its way to causing more than 300 deaths, mostly in the Philippines and Vietnam.[58]
- September 29 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907, a Boeing 737-800, collides with an Embraer Legacy 600 over the Amazon rainforest, killing all 154 occupants on board the 737 whereas all 7 on board the Legacy survive.[59][60][61]
October
- October 6 – Fredrik Reinfeldt replaces Göran Persson as Prime Minister of Sweden.
- October 9
- North Korea claims to have conducted its first-ever nuclear test.[62]
- Google purchased YouTube for US$1.65 billion.[63]
- October 11–13 – St Andrews Agreement is held in Scotland between the British and Irish governments on devolution in Northern Ireland.
- October 13 – South Korean Ban Ki-moon is elected as the new Secretary-General of the United Nations, succeeding Kofi Annan.[64]
- October 22 – Fernando Alonso wins his second World Drivers Championship.
- October (date unknown) – The Offshore MPA project is initiated.[65]
November
- November 1 - Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko: Litvinenko, former officer of the Russian Federal Security Service and critic of the Putin administration, is poisoned with Polonium-210. He dies of acute radiation syndrome on 23 November, causing widespread accusations that the Russian government was behind the poisoning.
- November 2 – No. 5, 1948 by Jackson Pollock becomes the most expensive painting after it is sold privately for $140 million.[66]
- November 3 – Microsoft releases Office 2007 for manufacturing.
- November 5 – Former President of Iraq Saddam Hussein is sentenced to death by hanging by the Iraqi Special Tribunal. He is later executed by hanging for crimes against humanity on December 30.[67]
- November 8 – Microsoft releases Windows Vista for manufacturing.
- November 11 – Sony releases the PlayStation 3.
- November 12 – The breakaway state of South Ossetia holds a referendum on independence from Georgia.[68]
- November 19 – Nintendo releases the Wii.
- November 22 – A toxic waste dumping incident occurs in Côte d'Ivoire by a Panama ship sent by Singaporean oil company, causing 3 deaths and the poison treatment of 1500 people.[69][70]
- November 23 – A series of car bombs and mortar attacks in Sadr City, Baghdad, kills at least 215 people and injure 257 other people.[71]
December
- December 1 – WikiLeaks leaks Hassan Dahir Aweys' conspiracy to assassinate Somali government officials.[72]
- December 5 – The military seizes power in Fiji, in a coup d'état led by Commodore Frank Bainimarama.[73]
- December 11
- Felipe Calderón sends the Mexican military to combat the drug cartels and put down the violence in the state of Michoacán, initiating the Mexican Drug War.[74]
- Analog terrestrial television is switched off permanently in the Netherlands.
- December 21 – The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula is established.[75]
- December 24 – Ethiopia admits its troops have intervened in Somalia.[76]
- December 29 – UK settles its Anglo-American loan, post-WWII loan debt.
- December 30 – Former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein, was executed by hanging.
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Births and deaths
Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry – Roger D. Kornberg.
- Economics – Edmund Phelps.
- Literature – Orhan Pamuk.
- Peace – Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank.
- Physics – John C. Mather, and George F. Smoot.
- Physiology or Medicine – Andrew Z. Fire, and Craig C. Mello.
New English words and terms
References
Bibliography
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