Fähnrich

This article is about the officer candidate rank in the German and Austrian armies. For the East German career group, see Fähnrich (East Germany).

For Swedish military rank, see Fänrik.

Fähnrich (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛːnʁɪç]) is an officer candidate rank in the Austrian Bundesheer and German Bundeswehr. The word Fähnrich comes from an older German military title, Fahnenträger (flag bearer), and first became a distinct military rank in Germany on 1 January 1899. However, Fähnrich ranks are often incorrectly compared with the rank of ensign,^{[citation needed]} which shares a similar etymology but is a full-fledged (albeit junior) commissioned officer rank.

In the German Landsknecht armies, recorded from ca. 1480, the equivalent rank of a Cornet existed. The cornet carried the troop standard, also known as a "cornet".

The rank also exists in a few other European military organizations, often with historical ties to the German system. Examples are the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland (see Fänrik). The French Army has a similar position called an Aspirant.

In the Finnish Army and Air Force, Vänrikki (Fänrik) is the lowest commissioned officer rank, which is granted to the soldiers in the national service that have completed their reserve officer course on the day they are released from their 347-day service. Finnish Vänrikki are thus of equal rank to the German lieutenant (also a platoon leader).

Austria

Austrian Bundesheer

See also: Ranks of the Austrian Bundesheer

Fähnrich
Field and service uniform insignia
Country	Austria
Service branch	Austrian Armed Forces
Abbreviation	Fhr
Rank group	Junior officer
Non-NATO rank	OF-1[1]
Formation	1955
Next higher rank	Leutnant
Next lower rank	Vizeleutnant

Fähnrich, short Fhr, is the lowest commissioned officer rank in the Austrian Armed Forces.

Austria-Hungary (until 1918)

See also: Rank insignias of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces

Fähnrich was the lowest officer rank in the k.u.k. Common Army. In 1838 it was renamed to Unterleutnant 2. Gebürnisklasse, from 1849 to Unterleutnant 2. Klasse, since 1868 to Unterleutnant, and finally approximately from 1868 to Leutnant. In 1908 Fähnrich was re-introduced as lowest cadet-officer rank in order to replace the 1869 rank designation Kadett-Offiziersstellvertreter. Fähnrich, Kadett-Offiziersstellvertreter respectively completed training and education on the less famous so-called k.u.k. Kadettenschule. As the Kadett-Offiziersstellvertreter was the highest NCO-rank, became Fähnrich a separate rank-class. However, graduates from the much more famous Militärakademie became the officer patent for Leutnant.

In the k.u. Royal Hungarian Honvéd army Zászlós was the equivalent to the Fähnrich rank. It accounted immediately to the officer corps.

Designation	Cadet officer-deputy until 1908		Fähnrich 1908-1918
Paroli
Rank description	Kadett-Offizierstellvertreter		Fähnrich
(Hungarian)	(Hadapród-Tiszthelyettes)		(Zászlós)

Denmark

See also: Ranks and insignia of Royal Danish Army, Ranks and insignia of Royal Danish Navy, and Ranks and insignia of Royal Danish Air Force

Fænrik
Army and air force insignia (1951–1970)
Country	Denmark
Service branch	Royal Danish Army  Royal Danish Navy  Royal Danish Air Force
Rank group	Commissioned officer (1609–1812) Warrant officer (1951–1970)
Formation	1609 1951
Abolished	1812 1970
Next higher rank	Overfenrik
Equivalent ranks	Stykjunker (artillery) Kornet (cavalry)

Fænrik (formerly spelled Fendrich) was a commissioned officer rank used in the Royal Danish Army, equivalent to the cavalry rank of Kornet and stykjunker of the artillery.^[2] The rank was later reintroduced as a warrant officer rank also used by the Royal Danish Navy and Royal Danish Air Force.

In 1609, Christian IV of Denmark created a permanent organization with regiments of the Royal Danish Army. A regiment would be assigned one ritmester, one løjtnant, one fænrik, and two korporals.^[3]

By 1717, the ranks of Fendrich and Cornet of the Royal Life Guards were placed in the Eight class in the Danish order of precedence, normal Fendrichs and Cornets were placed in the Ninth class.^[4] The rank was abolished in 1812.^[2]

Between 1951 and 1970, Fenrik and Overfenrik were used by all there branches and were part of Fenriksgruppen, which served as Warrant officers.^[5][6]

Finland

Main article: Vänrikki

Germany

Fähnrich
Heer and Luftwaffe shoulder insignia
Country	Germany
Service branch	German Army  German Air Force
Abbreviation	Fähnr
Rank	German NCO rank
NATO rank code	OR-6
Non-NATO rank	E-6
Formation	1956
Next higher rank	Oberfähnrich
Next lower rank	Fahnenjunker
Equivalent ranks	Fähnrich zur See

Bundeswehr

See also: Rank insignia of the German Bundeswehr

A Fähnrich of the Bundeswehr is a soldier who serves in the ranks, first as Fahnenjunker (OR-5, comparable to the junior non-commissioned officer rank Unteroffizier), then in subsequent grades: Fähnrich (OR-6, equivalent to Feldwebel), and Oberfähnrich (OR-7 equivalent to Hauptfeldwebel).

In the German Bundeswehr, an officer candidate (German: Offiziersanwärter) can reach the rank of Fähnrich after 21 months of service. The German Navy equivalent is "Ensign at sea" (German: Fähnrich zur See).

An officer candidate's career is indicated by the enlisted rank with a thin silver cord on the shoulder strap.

NATO code	OR-7	OR-6	OR-5
German Army
German Air Force
	Oberfähnrich	Fähnrich	Fahnenjunker

History

Imperial German Army

National People's Army

Main article: Fähnrich (NPA)

See also: Ranks of the National People's Army

Following the creation of the National People's Army, a Fähnrich rank group was created.

Norway

See also: Military ranks and insignia of Norway

In the Norwegian Armed Forces, the rank of Fenrik is the lowest ranking commissioned officer,^[7] with the NATO code of OF-1.^[8]

• Rank insignia for Fenrik
• 
  Army^[7]
• 
  Navy^[7]
• 
  Air Force^[7]

Sweden

Main article: Fänrik

Fänrik (second lieutenant) is a rank in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and in the Swedish Navy (Coastal Artillery 1902–2000, Amphibious Corps 2000–present).

See also

• Fähnrich zur See