Ganoderma australe

Ganoderma tornatum is a fungal plant pathogen in the genus Ganoderma. It is a species of basidiomycete fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Members are also known as bracket fungi, or polypores.^[1]

Ganoderma australe
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Polyporales
Family:	Ganodermataceae
Genus:	Ganoderma
Species:	G. tornatum
Binomial name
Ganoderma tornatum (Pers.) Bres., (1912)
Synonyms
Elfvingia australis (Fr.) G. Cunn., (1965) Elfvingia tornata (Pers.) Murrill, (1903) Fomes annularis Lloyd, (1912) Fomes applanatus var. australis (Fr.) Cleland & Cheel, (1917) Fomes australis (Fr.) Cooke, (1885) Fomes polyzonus Lloyd, (1915) Fomes pseudoaustralis Lloyd, (1915) Fomes scansilis (Berk.) Cooke, (1885) Fomes undatus Lázaro Ibiza, (1916) Ganoderma annulare (Lloyd) Boedijn, (1940) Ganoderma applanatum f. australe (Fr.) Pilát Ganoderma applanatum subsp. australe (Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin, (1925) Ganoderma applanatum var. tornatum (Pers.) Humphrey & Leus-Palo, (1931) Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat., (1890) Polyporus australis Fr., (1828) Polyporus scansilis Berk., (1878) Polyporus tornatus Pers., (1827) Scindalma scansile (Berk.) Kuntze, (1898) Scindalma tornatum (Pers.) Kuntze, (1898)

Ganoderma tornatum Mycological characteristics
	Pores on hymenium
	Spore print is brown
	Ecology is parasitic
	Edibility is unknown

Description

Like other polypores, its physical characteristics include a rigid and tough texture and a shelf-like appearance. Most specimens of G. tornatum have a dark brown upper surface, though the ones found in the northwest of India and Pakistan have a lighter appearance. G. tornatum also have thin, shiny horn-like layers, distinguishing them from G. applanatum. It does not have a long and thin stipe like G. cochlear.^[2]

Physiologically, their mode of transmission is likely primarily through air-borne spores, as no rhizomorphs have been found. ^[3] While temperature increases decrease their spore size ^[4] its spore size was found to be 7.5–9.5 x 5–7 micrometers in one sample. In addition to parasitizing oil palms, G. tornatum has a variety of hosts, in comparison to other Ganoderma species.^[5]

Distribution and habitat

It is distributed widely throughout the tropics, appearing to be one of the most common species of Ganoderma there. Some places it occurs is south of the Sahara desert, the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Canada, and the north west of India and Pakistan, and from the Philippines to New Caledonia and Papua.^[3] It is not clear if this species occurs in South America, as few specimens are available.