General MIDI Level 2

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General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI, GS extensions, and XG extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA).

General requirements

  • Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes
  • MIDI Channels: 16
  • Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels)
  • Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11)

Parameters

Summarize
Perspective

Program and bank change events

General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM — that is, General MIDI 1 — sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS and Yamaha XG.

Melodic sounds

Piano
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
1 0 Acoustic Grand Piano
1 Wide Acoustic Grand Piano
2 Dark Acoustic Grand Piano
2 0 Bright Acoustic Piano
1 Wide Bright Acoustic Piano
3 0 Electric Grand Piano
1 Wide Electric Grand Piano
4 0 Honky-tonk Piano
1 Wide Honky-tonk Piano
5 0 Rhodes Electric Piano
1 Detuned Electric Piano 1
2 Variaton Electric Piano 1
3 60's Electric Piano
6 0 Chorused Electric Piano
1 Detuned Electric Piano 2
2 Variation Electric Piano 2
3 Electric Piano Legend
4 Phaser Electric Piano
7 0 Harpsichord
1 Coupled Harpsichord
2 Wide Harpsichord
3 Open Harpsichord
8 0 Clavinet
1 Pulsed Clavinet
Close
Chromatic Percussion
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
9 0 Celesta
10 0 Glockenspiel
11 0 Music Box
12 0 Vibraphone
1 Wet Vibraphone
13 0 Marimba
1 Wide Marimba
14 0 Xylophone
15 0 Tubular Bells
1 Church Bells
2 Carillon Bells
16 0 Dulcimer/Santur
Close
Organ
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
17 0 Drawbar Organ 1
1 Detuned Drawbar Organ
2 60's Drawbar Organ
3 Drawbar Organ 2
18 0 Percussive B3 Organ 1
1 Detuned Percussive B3 Organ
2 Percussive B3 Organ 2
19 0 Rock Organ
20 0 Church Organ 1
1 Church Organ 2
2 Church Organ 3
21 0 Reeds Organ
1 Puffs Organ
22 0 French Accordion
1 Italian Accordion
23 0 Harmonica
24 0 Tango Accordion
Close
Guitar
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Close
Bass
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
33 0 Acoustic Bass
34 0 Fingered Bass
1 Fingered Slap Bass
35 0 Picked Bass
36 0 Fretless Bass
37 0 Slap Bass 1
38 0 Slap Bass 2
39 0 Synth Bass 1
1 Synth Bass 101
2 Synth Bass 3
3 Clavi Bass
4 Hammered Bass
40 0 Synth Bass 2
1 Synth Bass 4
2 Rubber Bass
3 Attack Pulsed
Close
Orchestra Solo
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
41 0 Violin
1 Slow Violin
42 0 Viola
43 0 Cello
44 0 Contrabass
45 0 Tremolo Strings
46 0 Pizzicato Strings
47 0 Harp
1 Yang Qin
48 0 Timpani
Close
Orchestra Ensemble
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
49 0 Strings Ensemble
1 Orchestral Strings
2 60's Strings
50 0 Slow Strings Ensemble
51 0 Synth Strings 1
1 Synth Strings 3
52 0 Synth Strings 2
53 0 Choir Aahs 1
1 Choir Aahs 2
54 0 Voice Oohs
1 Humming
55 0 Synth Voice
1 Analog Voice
56 0 Orchestral Hit
1 Bass Hit
2 6th Hit
3 Euro Hit
Close
Brass
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
57 0 Trumpet
1 Dark Trumpet Soft
58 0 Trombone 1
1 Trombone 2
2 Bright Trombone
59 0 Tuba
60 0 Muted Trumpet 1
1 Muted Trumpet 2
61 0 French Horns 1
1 French Horns 2
62 0 Brass Section 1
1 Brass Section 2
63 0 Synth Brass 1
1 Synth Brass 3
2 Analog Brass 1
3 Jump Brass
64 0 Synth Brass 2
1 Synth Brass 4
2 Analog Brass 2
Close
Reed
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
65 0 Soprano Sax
66 0 Alto Sax
67 0 Tenor Sax
68 0 Baritone Sax
69 0 Oboe
70 0 English Horn
71 0 Bassoon
72 0 Clarinet
Close
Wind
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
73 0 Piccolo
74 0 Flute
75 0 Recorder
76 0 Pan Flute
77 0 Bottle Blow
78 0 Shakuhachi
79 0 Whistle
80 0 Ocarina
Close
Synth Lead
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
81 0 Square Lead
1 Square Wave
2 Sine Wave
82 0 Saw Lead
1 Saw Wave
2 Doctor Solo
3 Natural Lead
4 Sequenced Saw
83 0 Synth Calliope
84 0 Chiffer Lead
85 0 Charang
1 Wire Lead
86 0 Solo Synth Vox
87 0 5th Saw Wave
88 0 Bass & Lead
1 Delayed Lead
Close
Synth Pad
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
89 0 Fantasia Pad
90 0 Warm Pad
1 Sine Pad
91 0 Polysynth Pad
92 0 Space Voice Pad
1 Itopia
93 0 Bowed Glass Pad
94 0 Metal Pad
95 0 Halo Pad
96 0 Sweep Pad
Close
Synth Sound FX
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
97 0 Ice Rain
98 0 Soundtrack
99 0 Crystal
1 Synth Mallet
100 0 Atmosphere
101 0 Brightness
102 0 Goblin
103 0 Echo Drops
1 Echo Bell
2 Echo Pan
104 0 Star Theme
Close
Ethnic
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
105 0 Sitar 1
1 Sitar 2
106 0 Banjo
107 0 Shamisen
108 0 Koto
1 Taisho Koto
109 0 Kalimba
110 0 Bagpipe
111 0 Fiddle
112 0 Shanai
Close
Percussive
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
113 0 Tinkle Bells
114 0 Agogo
115 0 Steel Drums
116 0 Woodblock
1 Castanets
117 0 Taiko Drums
1 Concert Bass Drums
118 0 Melodic Tom 1
1 Melodic Tom 2
119 0 Synth Drums
1 808 Toms
2 Electric Percussion
120 0 Reversed Cymbals
Close
Sound Effect
More information Patch Number, Bank Number ...
Patch Number Bank Number Instrument Name
121 0 Guitar Fret Noise
1 Guitar Cut Noise
2 String Slap
122 0 Breath Noise
1 Flute Key Click
123 0 Seashore
1 Rain
2 Thunder
3 Wind
4 Stream
5 Bubble
124 0 Bird
1 Dog
2 Horse-Gallop
3 Bird 2
125 0 Telephone 1
1 Telephone 2
2 Door Creaking
3 Door Closing
4 Scratch
5 Wind Chimes
126 0 Helicopter
1 Car-Engine
2 Car-Stop
3 Car-Pass
4 Car-Crash
5 Siren
6 Train
7 Jetplane
8 Starship
9 Burst Noise
127 0 Applause
1 Laughing
2 Screaming
3 Punch
4 Heart Beat
5 Footsteps
128 0 Gun Shot
1 Machine Gun
2 Lasergun
3 Explosion
Close

Drum sounds

These are the same patch numbers as defined in the original version of GS. Drum bank is accessed by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 120 and cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to 0 and PC (Program Change) to select drum kit.

1 Standard KitThe only kit specified by General MIDI Level 1
9Room KitDrums recorded with room ambience
17Power KitMore powerful kick and snare sounds
25Electronic KitSounds of various electronic drums
26TR-808 KitAnalog drum kit similar to Roland TR-808
33Jazz KitSofter kick and snare sounds than the Standard Kit
41Brush KitMany brush sounds added
49Orchestra KitA collection of concert drums and timpani
57Sound FX KitA collection of sound effects

Additional percussion notes

These are the same GS drum notes and span Drum Kits 1 to 49:

27 High Q 34 Metronome Bell
28Slap82 Shaker
29Scratch Push83 Jingle Bell
30Scratch Pull84 Belltree
31Sticks85 Castanets
32Square Click86 Mute Surdo
33Metronome Click87 Open Surdo

Supported Control Change messages

More information CC, Function ...
CC Function
0/32 Bank Select (MSB/LSB)
1 Modulation Wheel
2 Breath Controller
4 Foot Controller
5 Portamento Time
7 Channel Volume
10 Pan
64 Damper Pedal On/Off (Sustain)
65 Portamento On/Off
66 Sostenuto On/Off
67 Soft Pedal On/Off
70 Sound Variation
71 Timbre/Harmonic Intensity (filter resonance)
72 Release Time
73 Attack Time
74 Brightness (cutoff frequency)
75 Decay Time
76 Vibrato Rate
77 Vibrato Depth
78 Vibrato Delay
91 Effect 1 Depth (reverb send level)
92 Effect 2 Depth (formerly tremolo depth)
93 Effect 3 Depth (chorus send level)
94 Effect 4 Depth (formerly detune depth)
95 Effect 5 Depth (formerly phaser depth)
6/38 Data Entry (MSB/LSB)
100/101 Registered Parameter Number (MSB/LSB)
Close

Supported Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs)

  • Pitch Bend Sensitivity
  • Channel Fine Tune
  • Channel Coarse Tune
  • Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range)
  • RPN NULL

Supported Universal System Exclusive (SysEx) messages

  • Master Volume
  • Master Fine Tuning
  • Master Coarse Tuning
  • Reverb Type
  • Reverb Time
  • Chorus Type
  • Chorus Mod Rate
  • Chorus Mod Depth
  • Chorus Feedback
  • Chorus Send to Reverb
  • Controller Destination Setting
  • Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust
  • Key-Based Instrument Controllers
  • GM2 System On

See also

References

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