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Girl Guides
Organizations for girls and young women From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organizations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organizations were formed in other countries.[1][2] Many girls and some organizations preferred to call themselves "Girl Scouts".[3]
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History
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For the history of the Scout Movement including Girl Scouts, see Scout Movement.
For the history of The Girl Guides Association of the United Kingdom (formed 1910), see Girlguiding.
Following the popular spread of the Scout Movement, girls joined with Boy Scouts or formed themselves into patrols of "Girl Scouts".[1] Many Girl Scouts registered with the Boy Scout headquarters. In 1909, there was a Boy Scout rally at Crystal Palace in London. Among the thousands of Scouts at the rally were several hundred Girl Scouts, including a group of girls from Peckham Rye who did not have tickets to the event and asked to be allowed to join-in.
However, at that time, camping and hiking were not common or widely accepted activities for girls, as indicated from an excerpt from The Boy Scouts Headquarters Gazette of 1909: "If a girl is not allowed to run, or even hurry, to swim, ride a bike, or raise her arms above her head, how can she become a Scout?"[4] Following negative publicity about girls joining-in the Scout Movement in The Spectator magazine,[5] Robert Baden-Powell had his sister, Agnes Baden-Powell, form a separate organization for girls in 1910, The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom.[6][7] Baden-Powell named Girl Guides after the British Indian Army Corps of Guides.[8] The first Girl Guide company to be registered was 1st Pinkneys Green Guides (Miss Baden-Powell's Own), who still exist in Pinkneys Green, Maidenhead, Berkshire.[9] Also in 1910, Juliette Gordon Low independently founded the Girl Scouts of the USA. Similar girl-only organizations were formed in other countries.
Other influential women in the history of the Girl Guides were Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska in Poland and Antoinette Butte in France.[10]
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) was formed in 1928 and has member organizations in 145 countries.[11]
Some Girl Guide organizations later opened participation to boys and others merged with Boy Scout organizations.
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Guide International Service
The Guide International Service was set up by the Girl Guides Association in Britain in 1942 with the aim of sending teams of adult Girl Guides into Europe after World War II to aid with relief work.[12][13]
A total of 198 Guiders and 60 Scout leaders from Britain, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Holland, Ireland, Kenya, New Zealand and Russia served in teams.[14][15] Service teams went to various parts of occupied Europe, notably Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp, while other teams served in Greece, Holland and Malaya.[16]
Notable volunteers included:
- Frieda Barfus (1892-1968), Guider-in-charge at the Ark, GIS archivist
- Stella Cunliffe MBE (1917-2012), first female president of the Royal Statistical Society. Cunliffe was one of the first civilians to go into Belsen Concentration Camp with the GIS
- Alison Duke (1915-2005), classical scholar, served with the GIS in Egypt and Greece
- Elizabeth Hartley (1906-1996) vice-chair of the 20th World Conference, leader of the Training Team of the World Association Training scheme
- Sue Ryder CMG OBE (1924-2000), a volunteer with the Special Operations Executive in World War II and founder of Sue Ryder charity
- Lady Marjorie Stopford (1904-1996), South Herts Division Commissioner, served with GIS in Egypt and Greece
- Rosa Ward OBE JP (1893-1984), chair of the Girl Guide International Service from 1942-1954
Olave Baden-Powell, the World Chief Guide, living in Kenya after the death of her husband, Robert Baden-Powell, was persuaded to return to Britain:[17] . . . I kept receiving letters from England telling me thrilling stories of the heroism of Scouts and Guides in Britain and in the occupied countries of Europe. Then I had one letter in particular that challenged me. It was from Miss Tennyson, the Editor of The Guider, and she wrote, “Come home and see what Guides are doing in the war. You will never forgive yourself if you don't see it.” ...
Further reading
- Brown, Phyllis Stewart All things uncertain: The Story of the G.I.S (1966) published by The Girl Guides Association
- Eastick, Nancy Guides can do anything (1969) Published by Guides Victoria, Australia
Single-sex mission
There has been much discussion about how similar Girl Guide programs should be to Scout programs for boys. While many Girl Guide organizations have sought to follow similar practices as Scout organizations for boys, some Girl Guide organizations have sought to avoid simply copying or mimicking the activities of Scout organizations for boys. In 2012, Julie Bentley, Girlguiding chief executive in the United Kingdom described the Girl Guides as "the ultimate feminist organisation".[18]
Even after most Scout organizations became mixed-sex and some Girl Guide organizations merged with Scout organizations for boys, some Girl Guide organizations remained sex-separated to provide a female-centred program. For example, Girlguiding in the United Kingdom remains limited to girls.
Transgender girls are admitted to units in some organizations.[19][20][21][22] Transgender women are also allowed to become leaders in some countries, including the UK.[19]
Other key elements
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Elements common to all Guide organizations are:[3]
- The Guide Promise – Girls become Guides by making their Promise. Each Girl Guide organization has its own promise, but historically all have the same three parts: duty to God or to your beliefs, duty to your country, and keeping the Guide Law. Many Girl Guide organizations are moving towards non-religious Promises.[23][24]
- The Good Turn – Each Guide tries to do a kind thing for someone else, without payment and without being asked, every day.[25]
- The trefoil badge – This can be worn on uniform or ordinary clothes. The three leaves of the trefoil stand for the threefold Promise. The vein in the centre is a compass needle, pointing the way and the two stars stand for the Promise and the Law. The colours stand for the golden sun shining over all the children of the world, from a blue sky. This badge is a guiding symbol that can be recognized all over the world.[25]
- The Guide world flag – This is in the same colours as the trefoil badge and can be carried or flown by any Guide. It is often used as a unit flag. The three yellow blocks represent the threefold Promise and the white corner represents the commitment to peace of all Guides.[25]
- The Guide Sign – The three fingers stand for the three parts of the Promise. The Guide sign is used when making or renewing the Promise and can be used when meeting other Guides. It may also be used when receiving a badge or at the end of meetings.
- The Motto – "Be Prepared" – This means that Guides are ready to cope with anything that might come their way.[25]
- The left handshake – This is the way Girl Guides greet each other. The left hand is used because it is the one nearest the heart, symbolizing friendship. Additionally, warriors held their shield in the left hand, so putting down one's shield to shake with one's left hand means that they are vulnerable, making it a display of both bravery and trust.[25]
- World Thinking Day – On February 22 each year, Guides think of their Guide sisters all around the world. The date was chosen at a World Conference because it was the birthday of both the Founder and the World Chief Guide.[26]
- The World Centres – There are five World Centres in different parts of the world: Our Chalet in Switzerland; Pax Lodge in London; Our Cabana in Mexico; Sangam in India; and Kusafiri in Africa.[27]
- The World Chief Guide – Olave Baden-Powell (1889 - 1977), wife of the founder, Robert Baden-Powell, is the only person to have been World Chief Guide.[6]
Two central themes have been present from the earliest days of the Girl Guides: domestic skills and "a kind of practical feminism which embodies physical fitness, survival skills, camping, citizenship training, and career preparation".[28] These two themes have been emphasized differently at different times and by different Girl Guide organizations, but have remained central to Girl Guides.
Uniforms
Individual organization or other emblems may be found on the individual country's Scouting article.
Uniform is a specific characteristic of Girl Guide organizations. Robert Baden-Powell said uniform "hides all differences of social standing in a country and makes for equality; but, more important still, it covers differences of country and race and creed, and makes all feel that they are members with one another of the one great brotherhood".[29]
Baden-Powell's 1909 discussion paper, The Scheme for Girl Guides, proposed the following uniform:
Jersey of company colour. Neckerchief of company colour. Skirt, knickers, stockings, dark blue. Cap – red biretta, or in summer, large straw hat. Haversack, cooking billy, lanyard and knife, walking stick or light staff. Cape, hooked up on the back. Shoulder knot, of the 'Group' colour on the left shoulder. Badges, much the same as the Boy Scouts. Officers wear ordinary country walking-dress, with biretta of dark blue, white shoulder knot, walking stick, and whistle on lanyard.[30]
Guide uniforms vary according to cultures, climates and the activities undertaken. They are often adorned with badges indicating a Guide's achievements and responsibilities. In some places, uniforms are manufactured and distributed by approved companies and the local Guide organization. In other places, Girl Guides make uniforms themselves.
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See also
References
External links
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