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Glyceric acid

Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Glyceric acid
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Glyceric acid refers to organic compounds with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CO2H. It occurs naturally and is classified as three-carbon sugar acid. It is chiral. Salts and esters of glyceric acid are known as glycerates.

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Production

Glyceric acid is usually produced by oxidation of glycerol. A typical oxidant is nitric acid, but catalytic oxidations have been developed also:[2][3]

HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + O2 → HOCH2CH(OH)CO2H + H2O

As glycerol is prochiral, the oxidation of the two terminal alcohol groups gives distinct enantiomers of glyceric acid. Oxidation of both primary alcohols gives tartronic acid:

HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + 2 O2 → HO2CCH(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O
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Biochemistry

Several phosphate derivatives of glyceric acid, including 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, and 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, are intermediates in glycolysis.[4] 3-Phosphoglyceric acid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid serine, which in turn can be used in the synthesis of glycine and cysteine.[5]

Glyceric acid occurs naturally in Populus tremula and Ardisia crenata.[6]

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References

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