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List of Guanshan Biota species
List of paleobiota From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article lists the fauna of the Guanshan Biota.
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The Guanshan Biota is a collection of organisms from Cambrian China within the Wulongqing Formation, dating to near the beginning of Cambrian Stage 4. It is distinguished by its shallow depositional environment and large quantities of brachiopods.[1]
Ecdysozoa
Scalidophora
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Guanduscolex |
|
Several specimens | Digestive tract preserved[2] | |
Palaeoscolex |
|
Two incomplete specimens | Also similar to Sahascolex[3] | |
Mafangscolex |
|
3 fragmentary specimens | Unclear whether it belongs to this species due to lack of preserved mouthparts | |
Yunnanoscolex[4] |
|
Around 50 specimens, most fragmentary | Unusually large for palaeoscolecids | |
Wudingscolex[4] |
|
Two specimens | Similar to Yunnanoscolex | |
Paramaotianshania[4] |
|
15 specimens, 3 with introverts preserved | Differentiated from Maotianshania by hair-like protrusions and a larger size | |
Corynetis[4] |
|
Over 100 specimens, around 10 being well-preserved | Has an unusual looped intestine | ![]() |
Xiaoheiqingella[5] |
|
One specimen | Likely a new species, however the lack of specimens means no name has been provided | ![]() |
Eximipriapulus? |
|
Four specimens | Specimens all found inside hyolith shells, suggesting a “hermiting” lifestyle for the genus.[6] | ![]() |
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Panarthropoda
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Guanshancaris |
|
Multiple frontal appendages and oral cones | An amplectobeluid radiodont, formerly placed within Anomalocaris.[7] | ![]() |
Paranomalocaris | Multiple frontal appendages | Unusually similar to the frontal appendages of Kylinxia, possibly a relative[citation needed] | ![]() | |
Astutuscaris[10] |
|
One mostly complete specimen | Placement within Arthropoda uncertain, no limbs other than frontal appendages preserved | |
Hallucigenia |
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Dozens of isolated sclerites, a few complete specimens[12] | One of the most widely distributed lobopodians | ![]() |
Guangweicaris |
|
Over 150 specimens[13] | Most recent known fuxianhuiid | ![]() |
Leanchoilia |
|
Several specimens | Also known from the Maotianshan Shales | ![]() |
Tuzoia[12] |
|
Multiple carapaces | Known from all around the world | ![]() |
Isoxys[12] |
|
Multiple carapaces | Wide distribution, one of the most common Cambrian arthropods globally | ![]() |
Longquania[14] |
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Several partial specimens | Possibly within Trilobitomorpha | |
Branchiocaris |
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Several specimens | One of several species from China | ![]() |
Liangshanella[12] |
|
Multiple carapaces | Also known from the Burgess Shale | ![]() |
Houlongdongella[12] |
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Multiple carapaces | ||
Neokunmingella[12] |
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Multiple carapaces | ||
Waptia[12] |
|
Several partial specimens | Mainly known from the Burgess Shale | ![]() |
Parapeytoia[12] |
|
Several appendages | Originally classed as a radiodont | ![]() |
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Artiopoda
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sinoburius[12] |
|
Well-preserved specimens | Mainly known from the Maotianshan Shales | ![]() |
Panlongia |
|
Multiple specimens | Assigned to Nektaspida in 2024[15] | ![]() |
Redlichia[12] |
|
Hundreds of fossils | Most diverse genus in the Guanshan Biota, R. mansuyi specimens preserve gut structures[16] | ![]() |
Palaeolenus |
|
Hundreds of fossils | Multiple specimens preserve gut structures[16] | ![]() |
Megapalaeolenus |
|
Eight specimens | Merged into Palaeolenus multiple times[17] | |
Yuehsienszella[12] |
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Multiple specimens | Found in various other formations in Asia[18] | |
Kootenia[12] |
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Mainly known from the Burgess Shale | ||
Breviredlichia[19] |
|
Multiple specimens | Has very large genal spines | |
Naraoiidae indet.[20] | Unapplicable | 3 specimens | Similar to both naraoiids and Emucaris | |
Sidneyidae indet.[21] | Unapplicable | One nearly complete specimen | Differing tail fan and tergite shapes distinguish it from Sidneyia | |
Bailongia[22] |
|
One complete specimen | Unclear position within Artiopoda | ![]() |
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Spiralia
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bryozoa indet?[23] | Unapplicable | One specimen | Possible bryozoan, earliest record of such if it is one. | |
Gaoloufangchaeta[24] |
|
One mostly complete specimen | Earliest member of Errantia known[25] | ![]() |
Guanshanchaeta[26] |
|
One specimen | First annelid from Cambrian China found | |
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Brachiopoda
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Linevitus |
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Several specimens | Some specimens preserve helens[12] | |
Heliomedusa |
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Several specimens | Soft tissues such as the lophophore are preserved.[12] | ![]() |
Diandongia |
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Over 200 specimens | Likely epifaunal due to its very long pedicle.[27] | ![]() |
Acanthotretella |
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Around 15 specimens | Likely epifaunal similar to Diandongia above.[28] | |
Eoobolus |
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Around 700 specimens | Formerly placed within Lingulellotreta[29] | |
Nisusia |
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6 specimens[1] | A very rare calcareous brachiopod | |
Kutorgina |
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8 specimens[1] | A very rare calcareous brachiopod | |
Neobolus |
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Thousands of specimens | Some fossils preserve unusual tubes, which are likely parasites[30] | ![]() |
Westonia |
|
Over 500 specimens[1] | Most common in the higher assemblages of the biota | |
Linnarssonia |
|
Around 60 specimens[1] | Rarest non-calcareous brachiopod in the Guanshan Biota | ![]() |
Schizopholis[19] |
|
Multiple specimens | ||
Palaeobolus[19] |
|
Multiple specimens | Closely related to lingulids | |
Acrothele |
|
Multiple specimens |
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Deuterostomia
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vetulicola |
|
Hundreds of specimens | The two recorded species may be synonymous with each other.[12] | ![]() |
Wudingeocrinus[31] |
|
Several specimens | Similar to a genus from the Balang fauna | |
Kunmingeocrinus[31] |
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Two specimens | Possibly weakly biomineralised | |
Phlogites[12] |
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Several specimens | Possibly synonymous with Cheungkongella? | ![]() |
Eldonioidea indet.[20] | Unapplicable | Over 30 specimens | Possibly within Rotadiscidae | |
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Enigmatic/Miscellaneous
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dinomischidae indet?[23] | Unapplicable | One specimen | Closely resembles Xianguangia, may instead be a cnidarian | |
Allonnia[12] |
|
Hundreds of specimens | Member of Chancelloriidae, possibly sponge relatives? | ![]() |
Sinoflabrum[12] |
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Several specimens | Similar to both Ediacaran biota and sponges | ![]() |
Guangweia[33] |
|
30 specimens, 10 well-preserved | Similar in form to the Ediacaran biota | |
Nidelric[32] |
|
Multiple spines | An enigmatic animal, possibly related to the chancelloriids | |
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Porifera
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crumillospongia[12] |
|
Several specimens | Known from multiple sites around the world. | |
Choia[12] |
|
Several specimens | Known from multiple sites such as the Burgess Shale. | |
Paraleptomitella[12] |
|
Many specimens | The most common sponge in the Guanshan Biota. | |
Archaeocyatha indet? | Unapplicable | Two specimens | Unusually similar to vauxiid sponges, suggesting a relationship between the two[34] |
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Cnidaria
More information Genus, Species ...
Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sphenothallus[12] |
|
Many specimens | Possibly a conulariid. | ![]() |
Gangtoucunia |
|
Around 80 specimens | Identified as a cnidarian in 2022.[35] | ![]() |
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See also
References
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