Clusiaceae

The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species.^[3] Several former members of Clusiaceae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs,^[4] with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical.^[4] More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10 petals, which may be fused or unfused, and many other variable traits).^[4] According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales.

Clusiaceae Temporal range: Maastrichtian - recent[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Turonian record
Clusia rosea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Clusiaceae Lindl.[2]
Type genus
Clusia
Synonyms
Guttiferae

One feature sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with "pollination rewards" other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin, which certain bees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward).^[4]

Taxonomic history

The family Clusiaceae was divided by Cronquist into two subfamilies: the Clusioideae (typical subfamily) and the Hypericoideae. The latter was often treated as a family—the Hypericaceae or St. John's wort family. Elements of the Hypericoideae are more common in northern temperate areas and those of the Clusioideae are centered in the tropics.

Later classifications, however, divide the family in a finer way. Molecular studies have shown that the family Podostemaceae—the riverweeds—as well as the Bonnetiaceae are nested in this group. Their inclusions make the Clusiaceae in a wide sense polyphyletic, and Stevens's subfamilies need to be recognised at family level: Clusioideae as Clusiaceae sensu stricto; Hypericoideae as Hypericaceae; and Kielmeyeroideae as Calophyllaceae.^[5][6]

Classification

Garcinia tinctoria

Clusia grandiflora

Montrouziera sphaeroidea

Following Ruhfel et al. (2011) ^[7]

Tribe Clusieae

• Chrysochlamys
• Clusia
• Dystovomita
• Tovomita
• Tovomitopsis

Tribe Garcinieae

• Allanblackia
• Garcinia (including Rheedia) - saptree, mangosteen

Tribe Symphonieae

• Lorostemon
• Montrouziera
• Moronobea
• Pentadesma
• Platonia
• Symphonia
• Thysanostemon

Tribe incertae sedis

• †Mammeoxylon^[8]

See also

• List of Clusiaceae genera

Symphonia globulifera