French ship Duquesne (1788)

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Duquesne.

Duquesne was a 4th rank, 74-gun Téméraire-class ship of the line built for the French Navy during the 1780s. Completed in 1789, she played a minor role in the Napoleonic Wars. She was captured by the British in 1803, and broken up in 1805.

Gaspar Vence on Duquesne reaches Toulon with a convoy of food and drives three British ships away, 2 April 1794
History
France
Name	Duquesne
Namesake	Abraham Duquesne
Laid down	January 1788
Launched	2 September 1788
In service	1789
Captured	24 July 1803
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Duquesne
Acquired	Captured, 24 July 1803
Fate	Broken up, July 1805
General characteristics
Class & type	Téméraire-class ship of the line
Displacement	3,069 tonneaux
Tons burthen	1,537 port tonneaux
Length	55.87 m (183 ft 4 in)
Beam	14.46 m (47 ft 5 in)
Draught	7.15 m (23.5 ft)
Depth of hold	7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Crew	705
Armament	74 guns: Lower gun deck: 28 × 36 pdr guns Upper gun deck: 30 × 18 pdr guns Forecastle and Quarterdeck: 16 × 8 pdr guns

Description

The Téméraire-class ships had an length of 55.87 metres (183 ft 4 in), a beam of 14.46 metres (47 ft 5 in) and a depth of hold of 7.15 metres (23 ft 5 in). The ships displaced 3,069 tonneaux and had a mean draught of 7.15 metres (23 ft 5 in). They had a tonnage of 1,537 port tonneaux. Their crew numbered 705 officers and ratings during wartime. They were fitted with three masts and ship rigged.^[1]

The muzzle-loading, smoothbore armament of the Téméraire class consisted of twenty-eight 36-pounder long guns on the lower gun deck, thirty 18-pounder long guns and thirty 18-pounder long guns on the upper gun deck. On the quarterdeck and forecastle were a total of sixteen 8-pounder long guns. Beginning with the ships completed after 1787, the armament of the Téméraires began to change with the addition of four 36-pounder obusiers on the poop deck (dunette). Some ships had instead twenty 8-pounders.^[2]

Construction and career

Duquesne was ordered on 19 January 1788 and laid down at the Arsenal de Toulon later that month. The ship was launched on 2 September and completed the following year.^[3] In 1795, under Captain Allemand, she took part in the Battle of Cape Noli, and in the Battle of Hyères Islands. From mid-1801, she was armed en flûte and used as a troop ship. On 22 November 1802, she departed Toulon, bound to Saint-Domingue under Commodore Quérangal, along with Guerrière and Duguay-Trouin. The flotilla found itself caught in the Blockade of Saint-Domingue by the British ships Elephant, Bellerophon, Theseus, Vanguard, and Tartar. Guerrière and Duguay-Trouin managed to escape, and Duquesne, separated from the squadron, attempted to flee in the night. She was discovered by Tartar and Vanguard the next afternoon, and after a short artillery duel, Duquesne, outnumbered by her opponents, struck her colours. Duquesne was incorporated in the Royal Navy as HMS Duquesne. In 1804, she ran aground on the Morant Cays. She was refloated in 1805, and sailed to England to be broken up.^[4]