Brown-banded water snake

The brown-banded water snake (Helicops angulatus) is a species of aquatic snake found in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also known as the water mapepire.^[3]

Brown-banded water snake
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Helicops
Species:	H. angulatus
Binomial name
Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Coluber angulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Coluber surinamensis Shaw, 1802 Natrix aspera Wagler, 1824 Uranops angulatus — Gray, 1849 Helicops angulatus — Boulenger, 1893[2]

Description

The brown-banded water snake grows to a maximum total length (including tail) of 78 cm (31 inches). Dorsally, it is olive or gray-brown, with dark brown, black-edged crossbands, which narrow at the sides, and are usually confluent with the black crossbands of the belly. There is a large dark rhomboid on the nape. Ventrally, it is yellowish (in alcohol) with black crossbands or black spots.

The dorsal scales are strongly keeled, even on the occiput and nape, and are arranged in 19 rows. Ventrals are 102–130 in number, the anal scale is divided, and the 61-94 subcaudals are paired and keeled.^[4]

Habitat and diet

H. angulatus lives in fresh and brackish water, where it feeds on fish (such as freshwater eels) and possibly also frogs and their eggs, tadpoles, lizards, earthworms, and carrion.^[3][5]

Reproduction

H. angulatus has been reported to be "facultatively viviparous".^[3]

Venom

H. angulatus is a non-front-fanged colubroid (NFFC),^[6] venomous snake, its venom causes rapid death in mice with an injection of 0.4 mg/kg (intraperitoneally).^[7] There is an urgent need for training of the medical team in the snake identification, clinical management of snakebite, and the existence of a human-snake conflict involving NFFC species in Bolivia.^[6]