Hilary A. Herbert

Hilary Abner Herbert (March 12, 1834 – March 6, 1919) was Secretary of the Navy in the second administration of President Grover Cleveland. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama.

Hilary Herbert
33rd United States Secretary of the Navy
In office March 7, 1893 – March 4, 1897
President	Grover Cleveland
Preceded by	Benjamin F. Tracy
Succeeded by	John Long
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1893
Preceded by	Jeremiah Norman Williams
Succeeded by	Jesse F. Stallings
Personal details
Born	Hilary Abner Herbert (1834-03-12)March 12, 1834 Laurens, South Carolina, U.S.
Died	March 6, 1919(1919-03-06) (aged 84) Tampa, Florida, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Children	Leila Herbert
Education	University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Confederate States
Branch/service	Confederate States Army
Rank	Colonel
Commands	8th Regiment Alabama Infantry
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Biography

Herbert was born in Laurensville, South Carolina in 1834, and moved with his family to Greenville, Alabama in 1846. He was educated at the University of Alabama and the University of Virginia, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Eta chapter). He practiced law in Greenville until the Civil War.

Herbert entered the Confederate Army as a second lieutenant. He served as captain of the Greenville Guards, and was later promoted to the rank of colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Alabama Infantry. Herbert was wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness May 6, 1864.

Secretary Herbert meeting with Commander Robert Lees Phythian

After the war, Herbert returned to his law practice in Greenville, Alabama. He was elected to Congress in 1877 from Montgomery, Alabama as a Democrat. He served eight terms in this office. During his tenure as Congressman, Herbert was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs and was largely responsible for the increased appropriations which led to the revival of the United States Navy. However, he was among those who favored a more limited program than the one proposed by Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy in 1890, which called for 40 battleships; only four battleships were authorized as a result.^[1] Tracy had been influenced by the works of naval strategist Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, which called for a large fleet capable of offensive action.^[2] Herbert also became well known for leading a charge in Congress to reduce the funding of the United States Geological Survey, resulting in a public feud with paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh.

Herbert espoused racist views during his tenure in Congress, namely in his opposition to the Reconstruction Acts. Herbert vocally opposed the acts and any granting of suffrage to African Americans, speaking in congress and claiming African Americans were unfit to have such rights.^[3] He claimed "the granting of universal suffrage to the Negro was the mistake of the nineteenth century".^[3]

In 1893, President Grover Cleveland appointed Herbert as Secretary of the Navy. By this time Herbert was able to muster support for an enlarged navy, despite the Depression of 1893, and brought the fleet to some level of preparedness for the Spanish–American War. Having converted to Mahan's school of naval thought, five battleships (the Kearsarge and Illinois classes) and sixteen torpedo boats were authorized during Herbert's tenure.^[4][5]

From 1897, when he left his Cabinet seat, to his death on March 6, 1919, six days before his 85th birthday, Herbert practiced law in Washington, D.C.

Namesake

USS Herbert (DD-160) was named in honor of Secretary Herbert.

References

1. Friedman, pp. 23-25, 30
2. Friedman, pp. 23-25
3. VITALIS, ROBERT (2010). "The Noble American Science of Imperial Relations and Its Laws of Race Development". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 52 (4): 909–938. doi:10.1017/S0010417510000502. ISSN 0010-4175. JSTOR 40864901. S2CID 145467230.
4. Friedman, pp. 30-38
5. Bauer and Roberts, pp. 162-165

• Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
• Friedman, Norman (1985). U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-715-9.
• Hammett, Hugh B. Hilary Abner Herbert: A Southerner Returns to the Union. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976
• Herbert, Hilary Abner. The Abolition Crusade and its Consequences; Four Periods of American History. New York: Scribner's Sons, 1912.
• Herbert, H. A. (1914). History of the Arlington Confederate Monument, by Hilary A. Herbert. Washington, D.C.: B.S. Adams, printer. Complete document is available for free here:

External links

• Media related to Hilary A. Herbert at Wikimedia Commons
• Works by Hilary A. Herbert at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Hilary A. Herbert at the Internet Archive
• United States Congress. "Hilary A. Herbert (id: H000524)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-13
•  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History and Heritage Command.
• "Hilary A. Herbert". Find a Grave. Retrieved February 13, 2008.

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Jeremiah Norman Williams	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district 1877–1893	Succeeded by Jesse F. Stallings
Government offices
Preceded by Benjamin F. Tracy	United States Secretary of the Navy 1893–1897	Succeeded by John D. Long