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Hyainailourinae

Extinct subfamily of mammals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hyainailourinae
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Hyainailourinae ("hyena-like cats") is a paraphyletic subfamily of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae. They arose during the Middle Eocene in Africa, and persisted well into the Late Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Type genus ...
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General characteristics

Hyainailourins are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 500 kg,[11] most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing.

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Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

  • Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) (Pilgrim, 1932)
    • Genus: †Ekweeconfractus (Savage, 1973)
      • Ekweeconfractus amorui (Flink, 2021)
    • Genus: †Leakitherium (Savage, 1965)
      • Leakitherium hiwegi (Savage, 1965)
    • Genus: †Megistotherium (Savage, 1973)
      • Megistotherium osteothlastes (Savage, 1973)
    • Genus: †Mlanyama (Rasmussen & Gutierrez, 2009)
      • Mlanyama sugu (Rasmussen & Gutierrez, 2009)
    • Genus: †Pakakali (Borths & Stevens, 2017)
      • Pakakali rukwaensis (Borths & Stevens, 2017)
    • Genus: †Simbakubwa (Borths & Stevens, 2019)
      • Simbakubwa kutokaafrika (Borths & Stevens, 2019)
    • Genus: †Thereutherium (Filhol, 1876)
      • Thereutherium thylacodes (Filhol, 1876)
    • (unranked): †Akhnatenavus clade
      • Genus: †Akhnatenavus (Holroyd, 1999)
        • Akhnatenavus leptognathus (Osborn, 1909)
        • Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon (Borths, 2016)
      • Genus: †Hemipsalodon (Cope, 1885)
        • Hemipsalodon grandis (Cope, 1885)
        • Hemipsalodon viejaensis (Gustafson, 1986)
      • Genus: †Ischnognathus (Stovall, 1948)
        • Ischnognathus savagei (Stovall, 1948)
    • (unranked): †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade
      • Genus: †Maocyon (Averianov, 2023)
        • Maocyon peregrinus (Averianov, 2023)
      • Genus: †Orienspterodon (Egi, 2007)
        • Orienspterodon dahkoensis (Chow, 1975)
        • Orienspterodon mianchiensis (Sheng, Bi & Li, 2024)
    • Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) (Ginsburg, 1980)
      • Genus: †Bastetodon (Al-Ashqar, 2025)
        • Bastetodon syrtos (Holroyd, 1999)
      • Genus: †Exiguodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
        • Exiguodon pilgrimi (Savage, 1965)
      • Genus: †Falcatodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
        • Falcatodon schlosseri (Holroyd, 1999)
      • Genus: †Hyainailouros (polyphyletic genus) (Biedermann, 1863)
        • Hyainailouros bugtiensis (Pilgrim, 1912)
        • Hyainailouros napakensis (Ginsburg, 1980)
        • Hyainailouros sulzeri (Biedermann, 1863)
      • Genus: †Isohyaenodon (polyphyletic genus) (Savage, 1965)
        • Isohyaenodon andrewsi (Savage, 1965)
        • Isohyaenodon zadoki (Savage, 1965)
      • Genus: †Parapterodon (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • Parapterodon lostangensis (Lange-Badré, 1979)
      • Genus: †Sectisodon (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
        • Sectisodon markgrafi (Holroyd, 1999)
        • Sectisodon occultus (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • Genus: †Sekhmetops (Al-Ashqar, 2025)
        • Sekhmetops africanus (Andrews, 1903)
        • Sekhmetops phiomensis (Osborn, 1909)
      • Genus: †Sivapterodon (Ginsburg, 1980)
        • Sivapterodon lahirii (Pilgrim, 1932)
      • (unranked): †Pterodon clade
        • Genus: †Kerberos (Solé, 2015)
          • Kerberos langebadreae (Solé, 2015)
        • Genus: †Pterodon (Blainville, 1839)
          • Pterodon dasyuroides (Blainville, 1839)
      • Incertae sedis:
        • "Pterodon" sp. [DPC 5036] (Holroyd, 1999)
    • Tribe: †Metapterodontini (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
      • Genus: †Metapterodon (Stromer, 1926)
        • Metapterodon brachycephalus (Osborn, 1909)
        • Metapterodon kaiseri (Stromer, 1926)
        • Metapterodon stromeri (Morales, 1998)
    • Tribe: †Paroxyaenini (Lavrov, 2007)
      • Genus: †Paroxyaena (Martin, 1906)
        • Paroxyaena galliae (Filhol, 1881)
        • Paroxyaena pavlovi (Lavrov, 2007)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • "Pterodon" sp. [BC 15’08] (Pickford, 2008)
      • Hyainailourinae sp. [GSN AD 100’96] (Morales, 1998)
      • Hyainailourinae sp. [UON 84-359] (Solé, 2016)
      • Hyainailourinae sp. A [DPC 6555] (Holroyd, 1999)
      • Hyainailourinae sp. C [DPC 9243 & DPC 10315] (Holroyd, 1999)
      • Hyainailourinae sp. D [DPC 6545] (Holroyd, 1999)
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References

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