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List of dams in the Columbia River watershed

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List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
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There are more than 60 dams in the Columbia River watershed in the United States and Canada. Tributaries of the Columbia River and their dammed tributaries, as well as the main stem itself, each have their own list below. The dams are listed in the order as they are found from source to terminus. Many of the dams in the Columbia River watershed were not created for the specific purposes of water storage or flood protection. Instead, the primary purpose of many of these dams is to produce hydroelectricity. As can be seen in the lists, these dams provide many tens of gigawatts of power.

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Dams of the Columbia River Basin. Click to view higher resolution and read legend.
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Hydroelectric generators in the basin sized by capacity. 17 dams on the British Columbia side of Canada-US border not shown.

Major dam construction began in the early 20th century and picked up the pace after the Columbia River Treaty in the 1960s, by the mid 1980s all the big dams were finished. Including just the dams listed below, there are 169 dams in the watershed, with 14 on the Columbia, 20 on the Snake, seven on the Kootenay, seven on the Pend Oreille / Clark, two on the Flathead, eight on the Yakima, and two on the Owyhee. Averaging a major dam every 72 miles (116 km), the rivers in the Columbia watershed combine to generate over 36,000 megawatts of power, with the majority coming on the main stem. Grand Coulee Dam is the largest producer of hydroelectric power in the United States,[1] generating 6,809 megawatts, over one-sixth of all power in the basin.

In addition to providing ample power for the people of the Pacific Northwest, the reservoirs created by the dams have created numerous recreational opportunities, including fishing, boating, and windsurfing. Furthermore, by creating a constant flow and consistent depth along the river channel, the series of locks and dams have allowed for Lewiston, Idaho, to become the furthest inland seaport on the west coast of the United States.[2] Despite the numerous benefits to humans that the dams have provided, a number of environmental consequences have manifested as a result of the dams, including a negative impact on salmonid populations of the basin.[3]

The organization of the following lists begins with the Columbia River dams and is followed by dams on its tributaries (in order of length) and their respective watersheds. Additionally, the table of contents below is indented to indicate tributary status of each river.

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Main stem Columbia River dams

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Dams are listed in order from headwater (Columbia Lake, BC) to mouth (Pacific Ocean, OR/WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Snake River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Two Oceans Plateau, WY) to mouth Columbia River, WA.

More information Name, Height ...

Salmon River dams

Little Salmon River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (north West Mountain, ID) to mouth (Salmon River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Owyhee River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Double Mountain, NV) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)

More information Name, Height ...
South Fork Owyhee River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (north Tuscarora Mountains, NV) to mouth (Owyhee River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Malheur River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Logan Valley, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Grande Ronde River dams

Wallowa River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Pete's Point, Eagle Cap Wilderness, OR) to mouth (Grande Ronde River, OR)

More information Name, Height ...

Powder River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of McCully Fork and Cracker Creek, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Blackfoot River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of Diamond and Lanes Creeks, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Henrys Fork dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Henrys Lake, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...
Fall River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Pitchstone Plateau, WY) to mouth (Henrys Fork, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Portneuf River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (southeast of Higham Peak, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Salmon Falls Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Jarbidge Mountains, NV) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Boise River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of North and Middle Forks Boise River, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)

More information Name, Height ...
South Fork Boise River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of Ross Fork and Johnson Creek, ID) to mouth (Boise River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Goose Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Monument Peak, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Weiser River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Brush Mountain, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)

More information Name, Height ...

Burnt River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of North and South Fork Burnt Rivers, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Willow Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Blackfoot Mountains, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Payette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of South and Middle Forks Payette River, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)

More information Name, Height ...
North Fork Payette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Squaw Meadows, ID) to mouth (Payette River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...
South Fork Payette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Vernon Lake, ID) to mouth (Payette River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Clearwater River dams

North Fork Clearwater River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Illinois Peak, ID/MT) to mouth (Clearwater River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Malad River dams

More information Name, Height ...
Big Wood River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Galena Summit, ID) to mouth (Malad River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...
Camas Creek

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Packer Butte, ID) to mouth (Big Wood River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...
Little Wood River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Standhope Peak, ID) to mouth (Malad River, ID)

More information Name, Height ...

Kootenay River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Castle Mountain, Beaverfoot Range, BC) to mouth (Columbia River, BC).

Bull River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Canadian Rockies) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).

More information Name, Height ...

Elk River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Upper Elk Lake) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).

More information Name, Height ...

Duncan River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Mount Dawson) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).

More information Name, Height ...

Mark Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Purcell Mountains) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).

More information Name, Height ...

Pend Oreille River / Clark Fork River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater of Clark Fork River (Silver Bow Creek, MT) to mouth of Pend Oreille River (Columbia River, BC).[n 19]

More information Name, Height ...

Flathead River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Confluence of North Fork and Middle Fork Flathead River) to mouth (Clark Fork River).[n 21]

More information Name, Height ...

Deschutes River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Little Lava Lake, OR) to mouth (Columbia River, WA/OR).

More information Name, Height ...

Yakima River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Keechelus Lake, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Cle Elum River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (near Mount Daniel, WA) to mouth (Yakima River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Kachess River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (Three Queens, WA) to mouth (Yakima River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Naches River dams

Bumping River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (near Crag Mountain, WA) to mouth (Naches River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...
Tieton River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (Goat Rocks, WA) to mouth (Naches River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Willamette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (Confluence of Middle Fork Willamette River and Coast Fork Willamette River, OR/WA) to mouth (Columbia River, OR)

More information Name, Height ...

Santiam River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters of each fork (North Santiam and South Santiam rivers) to their mouth at the confluence. There are no dams between the confluence and the mouth of the Santiam (Willamette River, OR).

More information Name, Height ...

Middle Fork Willamette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Timpanogas Lake, OR) to mouth (Willamette River, OR).

More information Name, Height ...

McKenzie River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Clear Lake, OR) to mouth (Willamette River, OR).

More information Name, Height ...

Coast Fork Willamette River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Confluence of Big River and Garoutte Creek, OR) to mouth (Willamette River).

More information Name, Height ...

Spokane River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Lake Coeur d'Alene, ID) to mouth (Columbia River, WA).

More information Name, Height ...

Cowlitz River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of the Ohanapecosh River and the Clear Fork of the Cowlitz River, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)

More information Name, Height ...

Lewis River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Adams Glacier, Mount Adams, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)

More information Name, Height ...

Spillimacheen River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Canadian Rockies) to mouth (Columbia River, BC).

More information Name, Height ...

Wenatchee River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Lake Wenatchee, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)

More information Name, Height ...

Chelan River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Lake Chelan, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)

More information Name, Height ...
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See also

Notes

  1. Dam was initially completed in 1941; third power plant was begun in 1967 and completed in 1974.[9]
  2. Dam was initially completed in 1937; second powerhouse was completed in 1981
  3. The original dam was completed in 1911. In 1917, the dam was raised 17.5 feet (5.3 m) to increase storage. Later, safety concerns were addressed and the new, modified dam was completed in 1989.[28]
  4. Original dam was completed in 1927. Due to deterioration, a replacement dam was commissioned and completed in 1978.[31]
  5. Information received in email exchange with representative from Idaho Power.
  6. Initially completed in 1935, updated in 1995 with diversion structure and two powerhouses[35]
  7. Constructed with two power plants - A & B. Upper Salmon A was completed in 1937, Upper Salmon B, located a mile upriver from A, was completed in 1947.[35]
  8. Initially constructed by Greater Shoshone and Twin Falls Water Power Company in 1910, bought by Idaho Power in 1916 and updated in 1949.[35]
  9. A new power plant was built in the 1990s; this one was decommissioned and turned into a historical display[41][42]
  10. Dam and units one to four completed in 1959, unit five completed in 1980.[44]
  11. Dam and first three powerhouses were completed in 1975. Three further powerhouses, as well as modifications to Lewiston's water intake, were completed in 1987.[51]
  12. Dam was initially completed in 1961 with three generators online. Powerhouse units four through six were later added and online in 1976.[56]
  13. The first Wild Horse Dam was constructed in 1937. After the aggregate was found to be of poor quality, a new concrete, thin arch dam was completed in 1969, doubling the size of the reservoir.[62]
  14. Power plant located at Owyhee Dam.[65]
  15. Power plant located along the Owyhee Tunnel No. 1.[65]
  16. Power plant located along the Mitchell Butte Lateral.[65]
  17. Kootenay Canal Generating Station is located at the end of a canal created by the Corra Linn Dam.
  18. Original dam constructed in 1944 created 140 MW; expansion completed in 2007 added 120 MW.[8]
  19. Although these rivers are not one, for the simplification of this list they will be listed together, as they are only separated by Lake Pend Oreille.
  20. This dam is made up of four sections with the highest being 110 ft (34 m) and the other three lower sections being 53 ft (16 m),[151] 38 ft (12 m),[152] and 54 ft (16 m).[153]
  21. All forks of Flathead River are treated as being on main stem, as there is only one dam on any of the forks.
  22. On South Fork of Flathead River
  23. Originally constructed in 1894, upgraded to concrete structure in 1933, with significant upgrades in the 1980s.[207]
  24. Beginning in 1892, dams were constructed at the mouth of Lake Chelan. After two failures, a more robust dam was constructed in 1903, providing electricity to Chelan. The current dam was completed in 1927.[227]
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References

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