Hyphochytriomycetes

Hyphochytrids are eukaryotic organisms in the group of Stramenopiles (Heterokonta).

Hyphochytrids
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	SAR
Superphylum:	Heterokonta
Phylum:	Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker, 1969[1]
Class:	Hyphochytriomycetes Sparrow ex M.W.Dick, 1983[2]
Subclass:	Hyphochytriomycetidae M.W.Dick, 2001[3]
Order:	Hyphochytriales Bessey, 1950[4]
Synonyms
Phylum Hyphochytridiomycota, orth. var. Class Hyphochytridiomycetes Sparrow, 1958, Alexopoulos, 1962, orth. var. Class Hyphochytrea Cavalier-Smith, 1986[5] Order Hyphochytridae Cavalier-Smith, 1989[6]

Characteristics

They are distinguished by an anterior tinsel flagellum^[7] on their zoospores. Also they have a rhizoidal or hypha-like vegetative system (hence the prefix "Hypho-").

Classification

This group may be put alternatively at the phylum, class, subclass or order level, being referred to as Hyphochytriomycota, Hyphochytriomycetes (or Hyphochytrea), Hyphochytriomycetidae (or Hyphochytridae) and Hyphochytriales, respectively. The variants Hyphochytridiomycota and Hyphochytridiomycetes are also sometimes used, presumably by analogy to the Chytridiomycetes, or due to the perpetuation of a typographical error. However, the stem is Hyphochytri- (from Hyphochytrium) and not Hyphochytridi- (from Chytridium).^[8]

In the past the classes Hyphochytridiomycetes, Oomycetes and Chytridiomycetes were grouped together in the now obsolete taxon Mastigomycotina as fungi with flagellate spores or gametes. Now the Chytridiomycetes are still considered true fungi, but the other two sub-groups are classified in the kingdom Protista, or in the group Stramenopiles.

Hyphochytriomycetes are closely related to Oomycetes.^[9]

Order Hyphochytriales Bessey 1950 ex Sparrow 1960

• Family Hyphochytriaceae Fischer 1892
  • Genus Canteriomyces Sparrow 1960
  • Genus Cystochytrium Ivimey Cook 1932
  • Genus Hyphochytrium Zopf 1884 [Hyphophagus Minden 1911]
• Family Rhizidiomycetaceae Karling ex Kirk, Cannon & David 2001
  • Genus Latrostium Zopf 1894
  • Genus Reessia Fisch 1883
  • Genus Rhizidiomyces Zopf 1884 [Rhizidiomycopsis Sparrow 1960]

Diversity

This is a relatively small group, composed of about 16 known species, which may be due in part, to sampling methods of scientists.

See also

• Hyphochytrium
• Zoospore

References

1. Whittaker, R.H. (1969). "New concepts of kingdoms of organisms". Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.5430. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
2. Dick, M.W. 1983. Validation of the class name Hyphochytriomycetes. In: Buczacki (ed.), Zoosporic Plant Pathogens, A Modern Perspective. London & New York: Academic Press.
3. M.W.Dick, Straminipilous Fungi: 330, 2001.
4. Bessey, E. A. 1950. Morphology and taxonomy of fungi, .
5. Cavalier-Smith, Prog. Phycol. Res. 4: 324, 1986.
6. Cavalier-Smith, In: Green, Leadbeater, and Diver (eds.), The Chromophyte Algae: 385 (1989).
7. "Chytridiomycota". Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
8. David, J. C. (2002). "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order". Constancea. 83: 1–30.
9. Van der Auwera G, De Baere R, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Van den Broeck I, De Wachter R (July 1995). "The phylogeny of the Hyphochytriomycota as deduced from ribosomal RNA sequences of Hyphochytrium catenoides". Mol. Biol. Evol. 12 (4): 671–8. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040245. PMID 7659021.

Bibliography

• C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004. ISBN 0-471-52229-5.
• Manoharachary, C.; Sridhar, K.; et al. (2005). "Fungal biodiversity: Distribution, conservation and prospecting of fungi from India" (PDF). Current Science. 89 (1).

External links

• "Introduction to the Fungi". University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Botany Department
• "Hyphochytriomycota". Index Fungorum.