Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain

Infanta María Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpensier (French: Marie Louise Ferdinande; 30 January 1832 – 2 February 1897) was the younger daughter of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and his fourth wife and niece, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies. She became Duchess of Montpensier by marriage to her first cousin once removed, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier.

Infanta Luisa Fernanda
Duchess of Montpensier
Photograph c.1885
Born	(1832-01-30)30 January 1832 Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain
Died	2 February 1897(1897-02-02) (aged 65) Palace of San Telmo, Seville, Spain
Burial	(1897-02-02)2 February 1897 Infantes Pantheon, Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain
Spouse	Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier ​ ​ (m. 1846; died 1890)​
Issue Among others...	Infanta Isabel, Countess of Paris Infanta Maria Amelia Infanta María Cristina Mercedes, Queen of Spain Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
Names Spanish: María Luisa Fernanda de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias
House	Bourbon
Father	Ferdinand VII of Spain
Mother	Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Signature

Royal styles of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpensier
Reference style	Her Royal Highness
Spoken style	Your Royal Highness

Biography

Heiress-presumptive

Luisa Fernanda as a young girl (by Vicente López Portaña, 1842)

When her elder sister Isabella II of Spain succeeded to the throne, Infanta Luisa Fernanda was heir presumptive to the crown between 1833 and 1851, when Isabella's oldest surviving daughter was born.

Marriage

Further information: Affair of the Spanish Marriages

Luisa Fernanda, 1851

Luisa Fernanda was engaged to the Duke of Montpensier, the youngest son of King Louis Philippe, who also was Luisa's mother's first cousin.

Luisa Fernanda, only 14 years old, and Antoine, 22, had their nuptials on 10 October 1846 as a double wedding with Isabella and Francis, and young Antoine was elevated to the rank of an Infante of Spain. At the time of the wedding, the groom spoke no Spanish and the bride spoke no French, making it impossible for the newlyweds to understand one another. Nervous at the prospect of being alone with her new husband, the young Infanta had hidden a lady-in-waiting behind the curtains of her bedroom, whom Antoine found and shouted at for spying on them.^[1]

The couple moved to Paris and later to Seville. The relationship between Isabella and her sister was tense, due to Antoine's conspiracies against the queen.^[2]

Antoine's father was deposed in 1848. The same year, the then 16-year-old Luisa Fernanda gave birth to their first child, Maria Isabel. After Isabella was deposed, the family went into exile. Luisa returned to Seville years later, already widowed, where she died.^[2] She is buried at Escorial.

The Parque de María Luisa was named after her.^[3]

Issue

Infanta Luisa Fernanda with her husband the Duke of Montpensier and four of their children.

Luisa Fernanda and Antoine had ten children, but only five of them reached adulthood.^{[4][unreliable source?]}

• Infanta Maria Isabel (1848–1919); married her first cousin Prince Philippe, Count of Paris (1838–1894), the French claimant, and became known as Madame the comtesse de Paris. She had several children, including Princess Louise of Orléans, the maternal grandmother of King Juan Carlos I.
• Infanta Maria Amelia (1851–1870)
• Infanta Maria Cristina (1852–1879); after her younger sister Mercedes died, she was engaged to King Alfonso XII (1857–1885), five years her junior, but she died before the wedding.
• Infanta Maria de la Regla (1856–1861)
• Stillborn child (1857–1857)
• Infante Fernando (1859–1873)
• Infanta Maria de las Mercedes (1860–1878), otherwise Princess Marie des Graces d'Orleans-Montpensier, who married her first cousin Alfonso XII and is historically known as Mercedes of Orléans, Queen of Spain. Without issue.
• Infante Felipe Raimundo Maria (1862–1864)
• Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera (1866–1930); became Duke of Galliera in Italy. He married his first cousin Infanta Eulalia of Spain (1864–1958), daughter of Isabella II, and had two sons: Infante Alfonso and Infante Luís.
• Infante Luis Maria Felipe Antonio (1867–1874)

Descendants

Portrait of Luisa Fernanda in 1847 (by Franz Xaver Winterhalter)

Of all her children, only Marie Isabelle and Antonio survived to adulthood. Through Antonio, the now non-royal line of dukes of Galliera continues. Alfonso's grandchildren lost royal status due to non-dynastic marriages. The current Duke of Galliera is Alfonso's great-grandson, Don Alfonso Francesco de Orléans-Borbón y Ferarra-Pignatelli.^[4]

Through Maria Isabel, she became great-grandmother of king Manuel II of Portugal, Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Aimone, Duke of Spoleto, and Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza; great-great-grandmother of Juan Carlos I of Spain and Henri, Count of Paris.

Arms

• Heraldry of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain, Duchess of Montpensier
• 
  Coat of arms of Infanta Luisa Fernanda
• 
  Arms of alliance of Infanta Luisa Fernanda and her husband
• 
  Arms as Duchess Dowager

Ancestry

Ancestors of Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain

8. Charles III of Spain[5] 4. Charles IV of Spain[6] (= 14) 9. Maria Amalia of Saxony[5] 2. Ferdinand VII of Spain 10. Philip, Duke of Parma[7] 5. Maria Luisa of Parma[6] (= 15) 11. Louise Élisabeth of France[7] 1. Luisa Fernanda of Spain 12. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies[8] 6. Francis I of the Two Sicilies[9] 13. Maria Carolina of Austria[8] 3. Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies 14. Charles IV of Spain[10] (= 4) 7. Maria Isabella of Spain[9] 15. Maria Luisa of Parma[10] (= 5)