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Kingdom of Jhalavad
Former monarchy in India (1090-1948) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kingdom of Jhalavad was a kingdom present in the Kathiawar region of Gujarat. The kingdom came to be known as the Dhrangadhra State after it became a 13-gun salute (15-guns personal) princely state in the nineteenth century. The town of Dhrangadhra served as its capital.[3] It was also known as Halvad-Dhrangadhra State. Halvad once had been the capital of this state.[4] It was ruled by the Jhala clan of Rajputs.[5][6]
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History
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Harpaldev, Sodhoji, Durjansalji
The state was founded as Jhalawad/Zalawad in 1090 by Rajput ruler Harpadeva.[7] He was succeeded by his son Sodhoji, who was appointed 'Mahamandaleshwara' (the great provincial Governor) by Jayasimha Siddharaja.[8] Sodhoji succeeded by his son, Durjansalji , who was appointed as Grihadyaksha (guard of the queen Naikidevi and the two infant sons Mulraja and Bhim), Ran-su-ran (chief of nobles) and Mahamandaleshwara of the Chaulukya dynasty by Ajaypala Solanki, he fought the Battle of Kasahrada on behalf of young Mularaja and defeated the Ghurids led by Muhammad Ghuri.[9][8]
Santaldev found a new capital Santalpur in 1304, named after him.[10]
Ranmal and Shatrushaldev
Ranmal sinh I resigned from 1392-1408, he was imprisoned by the Rathores of Barmer in Kotra fort, released by his son Shatrusal dev who brought a large army with him in 1394, later he ploughed up entire kotra with large number of donkeys. Ranmal Sinh I was succeeded by his son Shatrusaldev (also called Satarsalji and Sultanji) in 1408. Shatrushaldev shifted his capital to Mandal. As mentioned in Mirat-i-Sikandri and Tabakát-i-Akbari rebelled 3 times against the Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmed Shah I.[11][12][13]
Vaghoji and Kuva-no-Ker
In 1486, Khalil Khan marched against Rana Vaghoji, as he was rebellious. A battle took place between them near Saidpur, 6 km north of Dhrangadhra where Jhalas gained a decisive victory and Khalil Khan was captured, later released. Mahmud Begada accordingly marched towards Kuva (now Kankavati), the capital of Jhalas then. Rana Vaghoji assembled his vassals in his fort and prepared for battle. During the battle Rana Vaghoji's flag fell and his Rani's misunderstood that he is no more. So Vaghoji's 8 queens along with 750 women committed Jal Jauhar by jumping into a well.[8][14]
Rana Vaghoji on knowing that his all his wives committed Jauhar, full of grief decided to die in the battlefield with his men. On Rana Vaghoji's death, Mahmud Begada sacked and destroyed the fort of Kuva, the day is known as Kuva-no-ker (disaster of Kuva).[15]
Raidharji, Ajoji, Ranoji and Mansinhji I
After the death of Vaghoji, his son Raidharji established Halvad as Jhalavad's new capital in 1488. Raidharji died in 1499, succeeded by his son Ajajji (or Ajay singh), who was betrayed and deposed by his step brother Ranoji (Ran Sinh) with the help of Thakore of Muli. Ajajji along with his brother Sajoji sought asylum in Mewar, as he was married to Rana Raimal's daughter from his Chauhan wife and had his sister Ratan kunwar married to Rana Raimal. Ajajji was granted the title of Raj Rana and thikanas of Ajmer and Bari Sadri. He died fighting in the battlefield of Khanwa against Babur.[16][17][18]
In 1523, Ranoji was killed by Malik Shajivsada, whose father had b,eMalik Bakhan en executed on Ranoji's orders. Ranoji was succeeded by his son, Mansinhji I (also called Man Singh I). To avenge his father's death, Mansinhji killed Malik Shahjiv, the son of Malik Bakhan, and captured Dasada.[15][9]
Rai Singh I
Mansinhji I was succeeded by his son, Rai Singh I (also known as Raya), in 1564. When the Sultan prisoned and imposed a tax of 1 lakh rupees on the Charans and later again 1 lakh rupees on Ahirs of Ahmedabad, threatening to convert them to Islam if they did not pay, Mahatma Isardas promised them of their bail and sought help from Rai Singh twice. Rai Singh then paid the tax on their behalf both times and rescued the Charans and Ahirs.[15]
Rai Singh kettled drums at Dhrol, to which Rao Jasol of Dhrol, his maternal uncle, warned not to. But Rai Singh didn't obey him and Rao Jasol unwilling had to fight with Rai Singh. Rai Singh defeated and killed Jasol Jadeja. In retaliation for Jasol's death, Rao Khengar's brother, Sahibji, along with the army of Kutch, fought the Battle of Mavlia against Rai Singh. Sahibji was slain in the battle, and Rai Singh was severely wounded. Mahatma Isardas composed Hala-Jhala ra kundaliya based on this event.[19][20][21][22]
Rai Singh was later taken to Delhi by a group of Sadhus returning from Hinglaj. He remained in Delhi for two years and eventually sought help from Khan-i-Khanan while attending the imperial durbar at Fatehpur Sikri. During the durbar, Hebat Khan 'Ekkomat', a celebrated wrestler in Emperor Akbar’s court, mocked Rai Singh for being dressed like a Sadhu pushed him. In response, Rai Singh gave Hebat Khan such a powerful blow that he died on the spot. The impact of Rai Singh's strike was so great that it displaced a stone in the palace wall.[23] This occurrence gave rise to the following couplet :-
Katari Amare-shari, Toga ri talwar. Hathal Raya Saghri, deli-re Darbar[9][14]
Translation:
The dagger of Amarsingh-The sword of Togáji. The palm of Rai Singh (have marked) the darbár of Delhi.[23][14]
In 1742, Dhrangadhra, a new capital was found and a fort was built by Rana Rai Singh II. The state is still sometimes styled Halwad(-Dhrangadhra).[24]
Colonial era
Under the British Raj, the colonial Eastern Kathiawar Agency was in charge of Dhrangadhra, which was a salute state entitled to a Hereditary salute of 13 guns. The state had a population of 100,000 in 1892 on 3,023 Square Kilometers km2. The privy purse was fixed at 380,000 Rupees when it ceased to exist by accession to recently independent India's western state Saurashtra (now in Gujarat) on 15 February 1948.
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List of rulers
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Armed forces
The earliest reference to the State's military is made by Abul Fazl stating that it had 2,200 villages, 10,000 cavalry and same number of infantry.[25][3]
Dhrangadhra State Forces
The State had its own artillery , HH Maharana's own lancers, Dhrangadhra Makhwan infantry, state cavalry and police untill 1948. The State also had an additional unit called Dhrangadhra bodyguards, which was later renamed as Jhaladhip Bodyguards[26]
HH Maharana's own lancers, Dhrangadhra Makhwan infantry and State artillery were maintained as a cost of 60,000-70,000 rupees per year The State police consisted of 783 men in 1911, while 48 men in Jhaladip Bodyguards and 489 men in Makhwan infantry in 1921.[27]
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Coat of Arms and emblem
Coat of Arms of Maharana Raj of Dhrangadhra
Coat of Arms of Maharana Raj of Dhrangadhra
State Emblem of Dhrangadhra
State Emblem of Dhrangadhra
Coat of arms features the motto:"Anatha Vajra Panjaro Mama Bahu" (My arm an adamant shelter for the helpless)
Flags
Flag of Dhrangadhra: c. 1911-1946
State flag and standard of the Maharana Raj Sahib, certainly in existence in 1911, replaced by new flags between 1944 and 1946. Approximately 1/2 in proportion, swallow-tailed. The central figure represented a stone canopy ( gonkh ), the traditional emblem of the goddess Sri Shakti Devi, kuldevi of the Jhala Rajputs. It was adopted on subsequent flags and standards and was always present on the princely coat of arms.[28]
Flag of Dhrangadhra: 1946-1948
National and state flag adopted on October 5, 1946, and abolished along with the state in 1948. Apparent proportions 3:5. The flag was called Sakti Dhwaj because it featured a gonkh in the center , the emblem of the mother goddess Shakti Devi. The two pink stripes represented the sunset and dawn of the night (the blue stripe in the middle) during which the mother goddess built the state. The 18 ripples of the yellow stripe—the shape of which recalled the festoons ( torana ) placed on village gates—alluded to the 1,800 original villages of the principality.[28]
Banners
Royal standard banner of Maharana Raj Sahib
Maharana Raj Sahib's personal banner
Two princely standards are known, contemporary with the state flag, also bright pink and bearing three yellow gonkhs . The difference was in the color of the inside of the gonkhs : blue for the royal standard and green for the personal one of the Maharana Raj Sahib.[28]
Stamps
Dhrangadhra state stamp featuring HH Maharana Raj Sahib Ajit Singhji
Dhrangadhra state stamp featuring HH Maharana Raj Sahib Ghanshyam Singhji
Stamps featuring the HH Maharana Raj Sahibs: Ajit Singhji and Ghanshyam Singhji
Orders of chivalry
The Royal House of Dhrangadhra awards a dynastic order of knighthood called the Order of Jhalavad, in six grades.[14]
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See also
References
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