John II, Marquis of Montferrat

John II Palaeologus (5 February 1321 – 19 March 1372)^[1] was the Margrave of Montferrat from 1338.

John II, Marquis of Montferrat
Marquis of Montferrat
Reign	1338–1372
Predecessor	Theodore I Palaiologos
Successor	Otto III Palaiologos
Born	5 February 1321
Died	(1372-03-19)19 March 1372 (aged 51) Volpiano
Noble family	Palaeologus-Montferrat
Spouse(s)	Isabel of Majorca
Issue	Secondotto, Marquis of Montferrat John III, Marquis of Montferrat Theodore II, Marquis of Montferrat Margaret William
Father	Theodore I of Montferrat
Mother	Argentina Spinola

Career

John was the son of Theodore I of Montferrat, with whom he was associated in the government from 1336. He had great fortune in extending the boundaries of the margraviate against his neighbours. With the help of his cousin Otto of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, John turned against the Angevins of Naples, who had large possessions in Piedmont and Savoy. In 1338 at the age of 17, he succeeded his father as the ruler of Montferrat.

In 1343, when Robert, King of Naples died and his young granddaughter Joanna I took the crown, John took the opportunity to expand his control in northern Italy. By 1344, he had conquered Alessandria, Asti, Tortona, Bra and Alba.^[2] On 22 April 1345, at the Battle of Gamenario, he defeated the Angevine vicar Reforza d'Angoult, who died in the battle.^[2] With the tacit support of Luchino Visconti, John occupied Alba, Bra, Valenza and, in 1348, Cuneo. His power grew in 1355 when he accompanied the Emperor Charles IV through Italy. At that time he received the cities of Cherasco, Novara and Pavia. A year later John was even successful in taking Asti from the Visconti. ^[3]

By a marriage to the last titular Queen of Majorca, Isabella,^[4] he lost the support of the emperor and had to fend off attacks from imperial and Visconti troops. This conflict concluded with restitution of territory around Pavia occupied by John to the Visconti in exchange for Visconti possessions in the area of Asti. John lost many vassals to the Visconti. In his will of 1372, John left the tutelage of his children to Otto of Brunswick and Amadeus VI of Savoy. He had four sons, three of whom succeeded him in turn, and a daughter with his wife Isabella (Secondotto, John III, Theodore II, Margaret and William). John died at Volpiano^[1] near Turin soon after composing his testament and was buried at Chivasso.