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Köln-class frigate
German frigate class From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The F120 or Köln class was a six-ship class of frigates operated by the Bundesmarine. The ships of this class were the first major warships built in Germany after World War II.
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They were the world's first ships to feature a combined diesel and gas propulsion system. The ships were mainly constructed for anti-submarine warfare. All of the class' ships received numerous refits during their long careers with new electronics and torpedo tubes being fitted. They were eventually replaced by Type 122 frigates in the 1980s with Braunschweig being the last to be decommissioned in 1989. Four ships of the class were sold to the Turkish Navy.
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Design
The F120 class frigates were constructed as flush deckers. Overall the hull was made of shipbuilding steel, with many other materials also used in different parts of the ship. The steeply angled bow and the overall streamlined hull design ensured good handling characteristics. Combined with a wide use of aluminium, which provided an adequate weight distribution, preventing the ship from being top-heavy despite the fairly large superstructure, this ensured decent seaworthiness, enabling the class to operate safely in rough north Atlantic waters. Notably the overall design of the superstructure was heavily influenced by the propulsion system used, with gas turbines requiring large air intakes, covered by louvres on the ship's sides. The funnel was located behind these intakes and the main mast directly above them.
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Propulsion
The class was the first in the world to use the CODAG (COmbined Diesel And Gas) propulsion system, with it consisting of four 16-cylinder diesel engines produced my MAN and two gas turbines produced by BBC.
The electricity aboard was provided by six generators, about half of which were normally turned off during regular service.
Armament
The main artillery armament of the ship consisted of two 100 mm model 53 single gun turrets, which were capable of both anti-ship and anti-aircraft combat due to high vertical guidance angles and fast turret rotation speed. Additionally the frigates were equipped with 40 mm Bofors guns for anti-air defence.
For anti-submarine warfare, the class came fitted with two quadruple 375 mm Bofors rocket launchers located on the foredeck behind the 100 mm turret, and depth charges located on the stern.
Additionally the ships had four 533 mm torpedo tubes.
Operational history
The six ships of the Köln-class comprised the 2. Geleitgeschwader (Second frigate squadron), stationed first in Cuxhaven, and then in Wilhelmshaven. Being commissioned between 1961 and 1964, they together with the newly built Hamburg-class destroyers quickly became the backbone of the Bundesmarine's surface fleet, also being the first major warships constructed in Germany after the Second World War. In 1968 two of the ships, Emden (F221) and Karlsruhe (F223) were separated from the second frigate squadron and stationed in Flensburg for the next 6 years, rejoining the squadron in 1974. After several decades of service the ships were eventually retired with four of them (Emden, Karlsruhe, Lübeck and Braunschweig) sold to Turkey, one (Augsburg) scrapped and one (Köln) being transferred to Einsatsausbildungszentrum Schadenabwehr Marine (Naval damage control training centre) in Neustadt, where it serves as a training hulk to this day.
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List of ships
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See also
Citations
References
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