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Launggyet dynasty

Arakanese kingdom in western Burma (1251–1429) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Launggyet dynasty
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The Launggyet dynasty (Burmese: လောင်းကြက်မြို့ ; 1251–1406) was the final Arakanese kingdom of Le-Mro period which was located in present-day northern Rakhine State of western Myanmar. According to the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit, the Launggyet dynasty was founded on April 22, 1251.[3] It succeeded the Vesali kingdom and preceded the rise of the Mrauk U dynasty.[4]

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Launggyet prospered as a trade nexus between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Exports included rice, ivory, and lacquerware, while imports featured Bengal textiles and spices.[5][4]

The capital, Launggyet, was strategically situated in the Kaladan River valley, providing fertile lands and access to maritime trade routes. Its defensive position against invasions from the east (Burma) and west (Bengal) made it a political and economic hub.[3]

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The dynasty was founded in 1237 by King Alawmaphyu Min after the fall of Vesali. During the late 13th century, the Mongol invasions weakened the neighboring Pagan kingdom, allowing Launggyet to strengthen its position. However, in 1404–1406, the Burmese Ava kingdom launched an invasion, temporarily displacing the Arakanese monarchy. In 1429, King Min Saw Mon, with the backing of the Bengal Sultanate, reclaimed the throne and decided to move the capital to Mrauk U. By 1430, the Launggyet dynasty came to an end as Mrauk U emerged as the new political and cultural center of Arakan.

In 1294, the kingdom was invaded by the Shans, but they were successfully repelled.[6]

In 1327, the Pinya kingdom attacked Ramree Island of the dynast, capturing some inhabitants. This was followed by a Shan attack from the Lemro River in 1334. In response, King Min Hti sent his army across the Arakan Mountains to raid Thayet. After the campaign, Min Hti founded the town of Ann in 1334/1335 as a stopover point on the route through the Arakan Mountains to Minbu.[6]

During the reign of King Thinhse, in late 1394, he launched a campaign against the Ava kingdom.[7]

By the early 15th century, repeated Burmese invasions and siltation of the Kaladan River undermined Launggyet's viability. The final blow came in 1404 when Ava forces sacked the city, prompting the royal family's exile.

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Launggyet city

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Historical ruins of the ancient Launggyet city, located in Mrauk-U Township.

Notable Kings

  • Alawmaphyu Min (r. 1237–?): Founder of the dynasty, credited with stabilizing post-Vesali Arakan.[8][9]
  • Min Hti (r. 1279 to 1374): Legendary ruler who ruled the dynasty for 95 years.[10]
  • Min Saw Mon (r. 1380–1433): Last Launggyet king and founder of Mrauk U kingdom after exile in Bengal.

See also

References

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