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List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Elizabeth II held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms. Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation.
Family orders and insignia of the Order of the Garter
Insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of New Zealand, the New Zealand Order of Merit, and the Queen's Service Order
Insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of Australia
Grand Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, the highest Mexican order awarded to foreign heads of state
Star and collar of the Order of the Southern Cross, the highest Brazilian order awarded to foreign heads of state
Queen Elizabeth II wearing orders and decorations of different countries
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Royal titles and styles
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- 21 April 1926 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York[1]
- 11 December 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh[2][3]
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Majesty The Queen
Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she was asked by her Private Secretary what her regnal name would be, to which she responded, "My own, of course—what else?"[4] Until 1953, her official style was by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith.[5] She was proclaimed as queen using that title in Canada and South Africa,[6][7] whereas, in Australia,[8] New Zealand, and the United Kingdom,[9] she was proclaimed as Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
A decision was reached by Elizabeth's prime ministers at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference of 1952, whereby the Queen would accord herself different styles and titles in each of her realms, reflecting that in each state she acted as monarch of that particular country,[10] regardless of her other roles. Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.[11] However, as Australia wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles,[12] the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, separate reference to the other Commonwealth realms. Thereafter, separate but parallel royal styles and titles acts were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, granting Elizabeth a distinct but similarly constituted title in each state,[10] meaning that when Elizabeth was crowned in the same year, she held seven separate titles.
With further evolution of the Commonwealth since that time, Elizabeth held at the time of her death 15 different regnal titles, one for each of the current Commonwealth realms. In all realms other than Canada and Grenada, the reference to the United Kingdom has been removed; Australia doing so in 1973,[13] in contrast to the Australian government's position 20 years earlier. Traditionally, the Queen's titles are listed in the order in which the realms other than the United Kingdom (the original realm) first became Dominions—namely, Canada (1867), Australia (1901), and New Zealand (1907)—followed by the rest in the order in which the former colony became an independent realm: Jamaica (1962), The Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Papua New Guinea (1975), the Solomon Islands (1978), Tuvalu (1978), Saint Lucia (1979), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979), Belize (1981), Antigua and Barbuda (1981) and Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983).
Owing to her status, Elizabeth II was usually just known as "The Queen" across the world.[14][15][16][17]
The Queen's British styles and titles were read out at her funeral by David White, Garter Principal King of Arms, as follows:
Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life unto His Divine Mercy the late Most High, Most Mighty, and Most Excellent Monarch, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, and Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.[18]
The Queen's New Zealand styles and titles were read out at the State Memorial Service at the Wellington Cathedral on 26 September by Phillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary, as follows:
The Royal style and titles of Her Late Majesty, for use in relation to New Zealand and all other territories for whose foreign relations
Her Government in New Zealand is responsible, were—
Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
Sovereign of The Order of New Zealand, Sovereign of The New Zealand Order of Merit, and Sovereign of The Queen's Service Order.
Now, it is upon His Majesty King Charles III, King of New Zealand, that these styles, titles and honours have devolved.
God save the King![19]
Dispute in Scotland
Though the situation was the same in every one of the Queen's realms beyond the United Kingdom, only within Scotland did the title Elizabeth II cause controversy as there had never been an Elizabeth I in Scotland. In an act of sabotage, new Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, bearing the royal cypher EIIR, were vandalised, after which, to avoid further problems, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland bore only the Crown of Scotland. A legal case, MacCormick v. Lord Advocate (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself Elizabeth II within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of the Act of Union. The case, however, was lost on the grounds that the pursuers had not title to sue the Crown and the numbering of monarchs was part of the royal prerogative, and thus not governed by the Act of Union. Winston Churchill suggested that future British monarchs should be numbered according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.[20]
At the opening ceremony of the devolved Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh in 1999, attended by the Queen, the Presiding Officer Lord Steel said at the close of his opening address: "It is good that today, once again, we the elected representatives of the people are able to welcome your majesty, not only as Queen of the United Kingdom, but seated as you are among us, to greet you in the historic and constitutionally correct manner, with warmth and affection, as Queen of Scots."[21] In 2002 Winnie Ewing, then president of the Scottish National Party, wrote to the Queen asking her to adopt the title Elizabeth I in Scotland.[22]
Other realms adopted the style "Queen Elizabeth II" despite never having been ruled by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Regnal titles
Other
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Other titles
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Military ranks
United Kingdom
- 24 February – 26 July 1945: Hon. Second Subaltern, Auxiliary Territorial Service[158]
- 26 July 1945 – 24 July 1947: Hon. Junior Commander, Auxiliary Territorial Service[159]
- 24 July 1947 – 1 February 1949: Hon. Senior Controller, Auxiliary Territorial Service[160]
- 1 February 1949 – March 1950: Hon. Senior Controller, Women's Royal Army Corps[161]
Commonwealth of Nations honours
Commonwealth realms
Appointments
Decorations and medals
Other Commonwealth countries
Appointments
Decorations and medals
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Foreign honours
Appointments
Dynastic orders
Decorations
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Honorary military and police positions
1953–2022: Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Engineers[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Infantry Corps[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps[205]
1953–2022: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Australian Citizen Air Force
1947–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Régiment de la Chaudière[205]
1947–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the 48th Highlanders of Canada[205]
1950–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)[205]
1952–2022: Captain-General of The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Governor General's Horse Guards[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The King's Own Calgary Regiment[205]
1953–1967: Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal 22nd Regiment[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Governor General's Foot Guards[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Canadian Grenadier Guards[205]
1953–1956: Colonel-in-Chief of The Carleton and York Regiment
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Canadian Guards
1956–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Royal New Brunswick Regiment[205]
1958–1968: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps[205]
1977–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Military Engineers Branch[205]
1981–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Calgary Highlanders[205]
2013–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders
1953–1968: Air Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Air Force Auxiliary[206]
1953–2012: Honorary Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
2012–2022: Commissioner-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police[207]
1970–1987: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Fiji Military Forces
1959–1960: Colonel-in-Chief of the Ghana Regiment of Infantry
1953–2022: Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery[205]
1953–2022: Captain-General of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps[205]
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers[205]
1953–1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the Countess of Ranfurly's Own Auckland Regiment
1953–1964: Colonel-in-Chief of The Wellington Regiment (City of Wellington's Own)
1964–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment[205]
1977–1996: Colonel-in-Chief Royal of The New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps
1953–2022: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Territorial Air Force of New Zealand
1947–1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Durban Light Infantry
1947–1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the South African Railways and Harbours Brigade
1952–1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Imperial Light Horse
1953–1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Natal Carbineers
1953–1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Kaffrarian Rifles
1942–1952: Colonel of the Grenadier Guards[208]
1947–2006: Colonel-in-Chief of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's)
1947–1993: Colonel-in-Chief of the 16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers[209]
1949–2022: Honorary Brigadier of the Women's Royal Army Corps
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Life Guards[205]
1952–1969: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Horse Guards
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Grenadier Guards[205]
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Coldstream Guards[205]
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Scots Guards[205]
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Irish Guards[205]
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Welsh Guards[205]
1952–2022: Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of Artillery[205]
1952–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal Engineers[205]
1952–2022: Captain-General of the Honourable Artillery Company[205]
1952–2022: Master of the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets
1953–1971: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Scots Greys
1953–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Tank Regiment[205]
1953–2006: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welch Fusiliers[205]
1953–1970: Colonel-in-Chief of the Loyal Regiment
1953–1966: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's Royal Rifle Corps
1953–1956: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps
1953–1956: Honorary Colonel of the Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars
1953–2022: Captain-General of the Combined Cadet Force[205]
1953–1959: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal West African Frontier Force
1953–1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's African Rifles
1953–1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the Northern Rhodesia Regiment
1953–1974: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Malta Artillery
1953–1972: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's Own Malta Regiment
1953–1970: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment
1953–1992: Colonel-in-Chief of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry[210]
1956–1963: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment
1956–2022: Honorary Colonel of the Queen's Own Warwickshire and Worcestershire Yeomanry
1959–1963: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Nigerian Military Forces
1959–1971: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces
1964–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Malawi Rifles[205]
1 April 1964 – 10 June 2011: Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
1966–2007: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Green Jackets
1969–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons)[205]
1970–2006: Colonel-in-Chief of The Queen's Lancashire Regiment
1971–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards[205]
1971–1999: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Yeomanry
1973–1992: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Mercian Yeomanry
1977–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal Military Police
1992–2022: Patron of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department
1992–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Adjutant General's Corps[205][211]
1993–2022: Affiliated Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Gurkha Engineers
1993–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of The Queen's Royal Lancers[205][211]
1994–2014: Colonel-in-Chief of The Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry[205]
2006–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welsh[205]
2006–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Regiment of Scotland[205]
2006–2022: Colonel-in-Chief of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment[205]
2006–2022: Royal Colonel of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland[205]
1953–1996: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Observer Corps
1953–2022: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force
1953–2022: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force Regiment
1953–2022: Commandant-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell
1977–2022: Royal Honorary Air Commodore of the Royal Air Force Marham
2000–2022: Royal Honorary Air Commodore of the 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron
2014–2022: Lady Sponsor of HMS Queen Elizabeth
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Non-national titles and honours
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Freedom of the City
- Commonwealth realms
11 June 1947: London[212][213][214]
5 July 1947: Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead[215][216]
16 July 1947: Edinburgh[217][218]
20 September 1947: Royal Burgh of Stirling[219]
27 May 1948: Cardiff[220][221]
26 May 1949: Belfast[222]
10 October 1951: Ottawa[223]
- Foreign
1976: Philadelphia[224]
27 February 1983: Long Beach, California[225]
1988: Madrid[226]
Memberships and fellowships
Scholastic
Degrees
Others
In 1975 she received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.[228]
In April 2013, the Queen was presented with an honorary BAFTA award by Sir Kenneth Branagh in a ceremony at Windsor Castle. The BAFTA was given for her "lifelong support of the British film and television industry".[229]
On 21 June 2022, the Queen was presented with the Canterbury Cross by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for unstinting support of the Church throughout her reign."[230]
She received the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) Lifetime Achievement Award for her dedication to equestrian sports.[231]
On 14 May 2023, the Queen posthumously won a BAFTA 'Most Memorable Moment Award' as part of her role in 'Paddington meets The Queen from the Platinum Jubilee: Party at the Palace!' via a public vote.[232]
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See also
- Style of the British sovereign
- Style and title of the Canadian sovereign
- List of things named after Elizabeth II
- Flags of Elizabeth II
- List of ships christened by Elizabeth II
- List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- List of titles and honours of Charles III
- List of titles and honours of Queen Camilla
- List of titles and honours of Anne, Princess Royal
- List of titles and honours of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
- List of titles and honours of George VI
- List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
- List of titles and honours of William, Prince of Wales
- List of titles and honours of Catherine, Princess of Wales
- List of titles and honours of George V
- List of titles and honours of Mary of Teck
- List of titles and honours of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
- List of honours of the British royal family by country
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Notes
- In some cases, such as an oath of allegiance, Elizabeth's Canadian title is shortened to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada.[35] On Canadian coins, it is rendered in Latin as Elizabeth II D.G. Regina ("Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Regina", or, in English, "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen).
- This title is shown on the Great Seal of Victoria in Latin as Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Britanniarum Terrae Australis Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor.[54]
- The kingship of Gibraltar continues to be among the titles of the Spanish monarchy. However, since 2010 the Government of Gibraltar has started to use the title "Queen of Gibraltar" in reference to Elizabeth II.[122] Initially only used on coinage, the title now appears on several Gibraltar and UK government documents referencing the Queen in relation to Gibraltar.[123]
- The Queen stripped Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, who was overthrown in a popular revolution, of his honorary British knighthood in December 1989,[188] and returned her own order because "of revulsion at the abuse of human rights in Romania for which Ceaușescu is responsible".[189]
References
External links
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