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List of governors of Illinois
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The governor of Illinois is the head of government of the U.S. state of Illinois. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Illinois's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Illinois Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.[2] The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
Since becoming a state in 1818, 43 people have served as governor of Illinois; before statehood, it had only one territorial governor, Ninian Edwards. The longest-serving governor was James R. Thompson, who was elected to four terms lasting 14 years, from 1977 to 1991. Only one governor, Richard J. Oglesby, has served multiple non-consecutive terms, having been elected in 1864, 1872, and 1884.
The current governor is J. B. Pritzker, who took office on January 14, 2019.[3]
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Territory of Illinois
Illinois Territory was formed on March 1, 1809, from Indiana Territory.[4] It had only two governors appointed by the president of the United States before it became a state, and only one ever took office.
State of Illinois
Illinois was admitted to the Union on December 3, 1818, consisting of the southern portion of Illinois Territory; the remainder was assigned to Michigan Territory.[17]
The first Illinois Constitution, ratified in 1818, provided that a governor be elected every 4 years[18] for a term starting on the first Monday in the December following an election.[19] The constitution of 1848 moved the start of the term to the second Monday in January starting in 1849, thus shortening the term won in the 1844 election to 2 years.[20] Governors were not allowed to succeed themselves[19] until the 1870 constitution, which removed this limit.
The office of lieutenant governor was created in the first constitution,[21] to exercise the power of governor if that office becomes vacant.[22] The 1848 constitution changed this to say the power "devolves" upon the lieutenant governor in case of a vacancy.[23] The current constitution of 1970 made it so that, in the event of a vacancy, the lieutenant becomes governor,[24] and the governor and lieutenant governor are now elected on the same ticket.[25] If the governor feels seriously impeded in performing their job, they can inform the secretary of state and the next in the line of succession, who becomes acting governor until the governor can resume office.[24]
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Notes
- Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope served as acting governor until Edwards arrived in Illinois in June 1809.[8]
- Edwards was appointed on April 24, 1809;[9] nominated on June 16;[11] and confirmed by the Senate on June 17.[12] He took office on June 11.[9] He was reappointed on July 7, 1812,[13] during a Senate recess; reconfirmed on November 20, 1812;[14] reappointed on November 20, 1815,[15] during a Senate recess; and reconfirmed on January 9, 1816.[16]
- Edwards served as governor until statehood, when he was elected to the United States Senate.
- Based on the official site labeling Bruce Rauner as the 42nd governor,[26] it is assumed the official numbering includes repeat governors only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicized.
- When the lieutenant governor is serving as governor, the Illinois Blue Book considers the president pro tempore of the senate to be acting lieutenant governor. However, this only applies to acting lieutenant governors before 1883; after that, there are no acting lieutenant governors noted, and instead these are marked vacant. It is unknown why this changed; the constitution does not appear to have any relevant changes around that time.[27]
- Under the 1818 constitution, governors were limited to no more than four years out of every term of eight years.[31]
- Dubin labels Edward as a pro-Administration candidate;[38] Kallenbach labels him as National Republican;[39] and Sobel and Glashan label him as Democratic-Republican.[10][40]
- Reynolds resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives.[42]
- Represented the Democratic Party
- Kallenbach labels Ewing a National Republican[39] and Glashan labels him a Democratic-Republican.[47] However, Sobel describes him as a "Jacksonian Democrat," which would be the opposition to those parties.[44]
- Under the 1848 constitution, governors elected after 1848 were limited to no more than four years out of every term of eight years.[63]
- The election schedule was shifted after this term, shortening it to two years.[20]
- The term limit was removed in the 1870 constitution, but Palmer was first elected under the previous constitution; Sobel writes that this meant he was term-limited.[83]
- Oglesby resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[81]
- Cullom resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[91][93]
- Tanner instead ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination to the United States Senate.[103]
- Stevenson instead ran unsuccessfully for President of the United States.[133]
- Kerner resigned, having been confirmed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.[140][142]
- Walker lost the Democratic nomination to Michael Howlett.[149]
- The schedule for the 1970 constitution provided that the 1976 election would be for a two-year term, shifting the election schedule away from presidential election years.[155]
- Blagojevich was impeached and removed from office on charges of corruption.[160][162]
- Pritzker's second term began on January 9, 2023,[169] and will expire on January 11, 2027.
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