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List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[1] Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.[3]

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When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3] The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[4] The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.[3][4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.[a]

A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s – ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients – two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist Manikonda Chalapathi Rau and Kannada writer K. Shivaram Karanth returned their 1968 awards, while Sitar player Vilayat Khan refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".[6][b]

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Recipients


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Considered one of the "distinguished figure[s] in the Oriya world of letters", Nilakantha Das (awarded in 1960) was a poet, essayist, critic, educationist, and linguist.[8]: 541 
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Kazi Nazrul Islam (awarded in 1960) is the national poet of Bangladesh.[9] Nazrul's activism for political and social justice earned him the title of "Rebel Poet" (Bidrohi Kobi).[10]
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Russian artist Svetoslav Roerich (awarded in 1961), is known for his paintings of Himalayan valleys and portraits. He is the only artist whose three portraits of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan are displayed at the Central Hall of Parliament.[11]
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Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee (awarded in 1962), an Indian jurist, educator and scholar is known for his literary works on Ismaili studies and introduced the Ismaili school of jurisprudence. He was the Principal of the Government Law College, Mumbai (1938–47) and Vice Chancellor of the University of Jammu and Kashmir (1957–60).[12]
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Hindustani classical vocalist hailing from the Patiala gharana, Khyal singer Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (awarded in 1962) received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Hindustani Vocal Music in 1962 and was elected the Fellow of the Akademi "[f]or his eminence in and service to the cause of music" in 1967.[13]
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Physicist and academic Sisir Kumar Mitra (awarded in 1962) is considered a pioneer of radio research in India. Apart from holding various teaching positions he was administrator of the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education for six years.[14]
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Narayan Shripad Rajhans alias Bal Gandharva (awarded in 1964), is best known for his Indian classical singing and performing female roles in Marathi Sangeet Nataks (musical dramas) drawing mass appeal from middle-class women of his era.[15]
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Astrophysicist Jayant Narlikar (awarded in 1965) is known for advocating the Steady State theory, an alternative to the prevalent Big Bang model.[16]
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Zubin Mehta (awarded in 1966) is a musician and conductor associated with various international orchestras like New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Bavarian State Opera and has been honoured with American Kennedy Center Honors (2006) and Japanese Praemium Imperiale (2008).[17]
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M. L. Vasanthakumari (awarded in 1967) was a Carnatic classical singer and playback singer of various popular Tamil films along with recording songs in Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada languages.[18]
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Ali Akbar Khan (awarded in 1967) was a Hindustani classical musician, best known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Khan was the first Indian musician to receive the MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1991 and was nominated for the Grammy Award five time between 1970 and 1998.[19]
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C. R. Rao (awarded in 1968) is one of the pioneers of modern statistics. He received the National Medal of Science from the President of the United States in 2002.[20]
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Textile industrialist Kasturbhai Lalbhai (awarded in 1969) was a prominent name in pre-independent India's business circle and his group of businesses was the tenth largest cotton consumer of India in 1930 and the seventh largest in 1939.[21]
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Considered the "Pitamaha" (the grand sire) among Carnatic musicians,[22] Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer (awarded in 1969) was a Carnatic vocalist and was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi awarded by the Madras Music Academy in 1947.[23]
More information Award recipients by year Year Number of recipients 1960 10 1961 13 1962 27 1963 12 1964 18 1965 25 1966 14 1967 24 1968 28 1969 29, Year ...
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Explanatory notes

  1. The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.[5]
  2. Vilayat Khan had earlier refused Padma Shri (1964) and later also refused Padma Vibhushan (2000).[7]
  3. K. Shivaram Karanth returned the award to protest against the Emergency declared in the country in 1975.[26]
  4. Manikonda Chalapathi Rau returned the award.[6]
Non-citizen recipients
  1. Kazi Nazrul Islam was accorded the citizenship of Bangladesh in January 1976.[25]
  2. Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
  3. Indicates a citizen of Russia
  4. Indicates a citizen of Canada
  5. C. R. Rao was accorded the citizenship of the United States in 1995.[20]
  6. Indicates a citizen of the United States
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References

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