| Portrait |
Name
(Lifespan)
Constituency |
Term of office |
NPC — (Election) |
Vice President |
Paramount leader |
|---|
| 3 |
 |
Li Xiannian
李先念
(1909–1992)
Hubei At-large |
18 June 1983 |
8 April 1988 |
VI — (62.5%) |
Ulanhu |
Deng Xiaoping |
| During Li's term, China undertook major reforms in foreign policy, beginning to open up to the outside world. Li, who took on an important role in the ousting of the Gang of Four, became the first President of the People's Republic to visit the United States. He was also the first state president to visit North Korea. In 1984, Li met with U.S. President Ronald Reagan during Reagan's visit to China, notably discussing the status of Taiwan with the President. After leaving office as president, Li was then named Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC.[4] |
| 4 |
 |
Yang Shangkun
杨尚昆
(1907–1998)
PLA |
8 April 1988 |
27 March 1993 |
VII — (66.8%) |
Wang Zhen |
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Zemin |
| An elder from the party's revolutionary days, Yang was a political survivor of the Cultural Revolution. During his presidency, Yang promoted economic reform but opposed political liberalization. Yang reached the height of his political career after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, but his organized opposition to Jiang Zemin's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire. Yang served as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission between 1983 and 1993. |
| 5 |
 |
Jiang Zemin
江泽民
(1926–2022)
Shanghai At-large |
27 March 1993 |
15 March 1998 |
VIII — (68.4%) |
Rong Yiren |
Himself |
| 15 March 1998 |
15 March 2003 |
IX — (71.5%) |
Hu Jintao |
| Once the mayor and party secretary of Shanghai, Jiang's assumption of the presidency in 1993 marked a return to the centralization of major titles at the national level – Jiang also held the more powerful offices of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 1989. Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial developmental growth with continued reforms, oversaw the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom and Macau from Portugal, and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government. Jiang was criticized for being too concerned about his personal image at home, and too conciliatory towards Russia and the United States abroad.[5] |
| 6 |
 |
Hu Jintao
胡锦涛
(born 1942)
Tibet At-large (until 2008)
Jiangsu At-large (from 2008) |
15 March 2003 |
15 March 2008 |
X — (72.9%) |
Zeng Qinghong |
Himself |
| 15 March 2008 |
14 March 2013 |
XI — (70.27%) |
Xi Jinping |
| Hu, long having been anointed by Deng as Jiang's successor, took over the presidency in 2003, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and a relatively smooth recovery from the 2008 financial crisis. China emerged as a major world power during Hu's term.[citation needed] |
| 7 |
 |
Xi Jinping
习近平
(born 1953)
Shanghai At-large (until 2018)
Inner Mongolia At-large (2018–2023)
Jiangsu At-large (from 2023) |
14 March 2013 |
17 March 2018 |
XII — (72.21%) |
Li Yuanchao |
Himself |
| 17 March 2018 |
10 March 2023 |
XIII — (71.10%) |
Wang Qishan |
| 10 March 2023 |
Incumbent |
XIV — (70.60%) |
Han Zheng |
| Xi became president in 2013, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2012. Xi increased the profile of the office of president in foreign affairs, for example receiving other heads of state during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, going on high-profile visits to the United Kingdom and the United States, and making an important address at the Global Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Under his leadership, Xi strengthened mass surveillance and launched Xinjiang internment camps. Xi presided over anti-corruption campaign. In foreign policy, Xi advocated for "Wolf warrior diplomacy". Term limits for the president were removed in 2018.[citation needed] |
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
