Ethnicity |
Language(s) |
Primary homeland |
Subgroups, tribes & castes |
Religion(s) |
Abagusii |
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii |
Kenya (Kisii County, Nyamira County, Kericho County, Bomet County) |
Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, Ababasi |
Christianity, Traditional African religion |
Abelam |
Sepik → Ndu → Abelam |
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) |
Maprik (Northern Abelam), Wosera (Southern Abelam) |
Christianity |
Abenaki |
Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, historically Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki |
Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont) |
Western Abenaki (Androscoggin, Cowasuck, Missiquoi, Pennacook, Nashua, Ossipee, Piscataqua, Souhegan, Winnipesaukee, Wabanaki Nation (Odanak, Wôlinak), Amoskeay, Sokoki, Cocheco, Pemigewasset), Eastern Abenaki (Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, Pequawket, Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy, Apikwahki, Amaseconti, Kwupahag, Rocameca, Wawinak) |
Abenaki religion |
Achagua |
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua |
Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |
Támara, Nunchía, Yopal, Tauramena, Recetor, Chámeza, Paya, Labranzagrande |
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
Aché |
Tupian → Guarani → Aché |
Paraguay |
Cerro Moroti, Ypetimi, Puerto Barra, Chupa Pou, Kuetuvy, Arroyo Bandera |
Native American religion |
Acholi |
Nilotic → Luo → Acholi |
South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland) |
Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, Omoro |
Christianity, Islam |
Achuar |
Chicham → Achuar |
Peru (Peruvian Amazonia), Ecuador (Oriente) |
Huasaga[3] |
Christianity, Shamanism, Animism |
Adjoukrou |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru |
Ivory Coast (Dabou) |
Akradio, Agneby, Armébé, Gbougbo, Vieil-Aklodj, Débrimou, Lopou, Tiaha, Kpass, Orbaff, Bonn, Kaka, Kpanda, Mopoyem, Cosrou, Dabouly, Abraniamienbro, Bodou, Bouboury, Agbaille, Yassap, Vieux-Badien, Youhouli, N'gatty, Toupah |
Christianity |
Afar |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar |
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria) |
Asaimara, Adoimara |
Islam |
Afemai |
Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai |
Nigeria (Edo State) |
Agenebode, Weppa, Oshiolo, Emokwemhe Iviagbapue, Auchi, Ihievbe, Afuze, Warrake, Iviukwe, South Ibie, Agbede, Sabongida Ora, Igarra, Ekperi, Jattu, Fugar, Aviele, Okpella, Uneme Ehrunrun, Uneme Osu, Iviukhua, Ososo, Uzanu, Uzebba, Iviukhua, Weppa, Okpella, Okpekpe, Somorika |
Christianity |
African-Americans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign |
Southern United States, Mexico (Coahuila) |
Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Black Native Americans (including Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen)), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, Afro-Romani Americans, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada |
Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam |
Afrikaners |
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans |
South Africa |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
Afro-Anguillians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Anguillian Creole |
Anguilla |
|
Christianity |
Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Antiguan and Barbudan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Barbudans |
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist; |
Afro-Argentines |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Rioplatense Spanish |
Argentina |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Arubans |
Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |
Aruba |
|
Christianity |
Afro-Bahamians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bahamian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole |
The Bahamas |
|
Christianity |
Afro-Barbadians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bajan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bajan Creole |
Barbados |
|
Christianity |
Afro-Bermudians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bermudian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bermudian Creole |
Bermuda |
|
Christianity |
Afro-Bolivians |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Bolivian Spanish |
Bolivia (Bolivian Yungas) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Brazilians |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese, Cafundó |
Brazil |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Chileans |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chilean Spanish |
Chile (Arica y Parinacota Region, Tarapacá Region and Santiago Metropolitan Region) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Colombians |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Colombian Spanish; Indo-European → Spanish-based creole → Palenquero; Indo-European → English-based creole → San Andres-Providencia Creole |
Colombia (Pacific region, Caribbean region) |
Palenques, Raizals |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro–Costa Ricans |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Costa Rican Spanish; Indo-European → English-based creole → Limonese Creole |
Costa Rica (Puerto Limon, San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism |
Afro-Cubans |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Spanish → Cuban Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Cuban Sign Language; Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí; Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo |
Cuba |
Ganga-Longoba, Afro-Cuban Roma |
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Islam; Afro-American religions: Abakuá, Arará religion, Cuban Vodú, Palo, Santería |
Afro-Curaçaoans |
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Papiamento; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |
Curaçao |
|
Christianity |
Afro-Dominicans (Dominica) |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French-based creole → Dominican Creole French |
Dominica |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism |
Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic) |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Dominican Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English |
Dominican Republic |
Samaná Americans |
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Dominican Vudú |
Afro-Ecuadorians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) |
Ecuador (Esmeraldas Province, Guayaquil, Valle del Chota, Imbabura Province Sucumbíos Province) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Grenadians |
Indo-European → English-based creoles → Grenadian Creole English; Indo-European → French-based creoles → Grenadian Creole French |
Grenada |
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam |
Afro-Guatemalans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language) |
Guatemala (Livingston (Garifuna settlement), Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism |
Afro-Guyanese |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)→ Guyanese Creole |
Guyana |
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; Rastafari; Comfa |
Afro-Haitians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas French (adopted language) → Haitian Creole |
Haiti |
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Islam; Haitian Voudou |
Afro-Hondurans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) English → Bay Islands English (adopted language) Garifuna (adopted language) Miskito (adopted language) |
Honduras |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism |
Afro-Jamaicans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language)→ Jamaican English, Jamaican Patois |
Jamaica |
|
Christianity; Convince; Jamaican Maroon religion; Kumina; Rastafari; Judaism |
Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
|
Christianity; Rastafari |
Afro-Mexicans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Mexican Spanish |
Mexico (Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas, Huetamo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Greater Mexico City, Guadalajara and Múzquiz Municipality) |
Mascogos |
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Afro-American religions |
Afro-Nicaraguans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish, Miskito Coast Creole |
Nicaragua |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Panamanians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Panamanian Spanish English → Bocas del Toro Creole |
Panama |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Paraguayans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) |
Paraguay (Central Department, Paraguari Department and Cordillera Department) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Afro-Peruvians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) |
Peru (Lima, Piura, Lambayeque, Tumbes and Ica) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism; Animism, etc |
Afro-Puerto Ricans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Bozal Spanish (dialect possibly extinct) Atlantic–Congo → Yoruba → Lucumí (lithurgical language) Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo → Habla Congo (lithurgical language) |
United States (Puerto Rico) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Animism, etc |
Afro–Saint Lucians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) French (adopted language) → Saint Lucian Creole |
Saint Lucia |
|
Christianity; Kélé |
Afro-Salvadorans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) |
El Salvador (Sonsonate, Ahuachapán, San Miguel, and La Unión) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Rastafari |
Afro-Surinamese |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Dutch (adopted language) English (adopted language) → Sranan Tongo, Aukan, Kwinti English + Portuguese → Saramaccan |
Suriname |
|
Christianity, Winti |
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole French (adopted language) → Antillean Creole Spanish (adopted language) |
Trinidad and Tobago |
|
Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; etc |
Afro-Turks |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Ottoman Empire Turkish (adopted language) |
Turkey |
|
Islam |
Afro-Uruguayans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) → Rioplatense Spanish Spanish + Portuguese → Portuñol |
Uruguay |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; etc |
Afro-Venezuelans |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas Spanish (adopted language) |
Venezuela (Venezuelan Caribbean and Barlovento) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Birongo; Cult to María Lionza |
Afro-Vincentians |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Vincentian Creole, |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
|
Christianity |
Afro–Virgin Islanders |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English (adopted language) → Virgin Islands Creole Dutch (adopted language) French (adopted language) Historically Dutch → Zeelandic-based creole → Negerhollands |
Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France) |
|
Christianity |
Agaw |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw[note 1] |
Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)[note 2] |
Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant |
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy |
Aguaruna |
Chicham → Aguaruna |
Peru (Peruvian Amazonia) |
Yutupiza, Japaime[4] |
Christianity, Shamanism, Animism |
Ahtna |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Ahtna |
United States (Alaska) |
Taral Band, Klutina Band, Gakona Band, Mendeltna Band, Denali Band, Chistochina Band, Batzulnetas Band, Mentasta Band[5] |
Christianity, Native American religion |
Aikana |
Aikana language |
Brazil (Rondonia) |
Tubarão-Latundê, Vilhena[6] |
Animism |
Aja |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja |
Benin, Togo |
|
West African Vodun |
Aka |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka |
Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo |
|
Traditional Aka religion[7] |
Akans |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,[note 1][note 3] Avikam–Alladian,[note 1] Potou,[note 1] Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;[8] Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign |
Ghana (Gold Coast)[note 4] |
Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa |
Christianity |
Akie |
Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai (adopted language)[9] |
Tanzania (Manyara Region) |
|
Traditional Akie religion[10] |
Alabamas |
Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama[note 5] |
United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation)[note 6] |
|
Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion |
Alexandrian Greek Christians |
Historically Indo-European → Hellenic; Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic |
Egypt |
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism |
Alur |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur |
Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province) |
|
Christianity |
Alutiiq |
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq |
United States (Alaska) |
Chugach |
Christianity |
Ambonese |
Austronesian → Malayic → Ambonese Malay |
Indonesia (Ambon Island) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
Ambundu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu |
Angola |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Amdang |
Furan → Amdang |
Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira) |
|
Islam |
Americo-Liberians |
Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)
English (adopted language) English → Merico English → Liberian Kreyol |
Liberia |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Amhara |
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic |
Ethiopia (Amharia) |
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy |
Amish |
Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch |
United States |
Old Order Amish (including Swiss Amish, Nebraska Amish, Swartzentruber Amish, Buchanan Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Troyer Amish, Byler Amish, Renno Amish, Holmes Old Order Amish, Elkhart-LaGrange Amish, Lancaster Amish, Tobe Amish, and Michigan Amish), New Order Amish, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), Para-Amish groups (including Lobelville Believers in Christ, Le Roy Plain Community, Manton Plain Community, Ghent Plain Community, Christian Communities, Vernon Community, Caneyville Christian Community) |
Christianity → Anabaptism |
Amung |
Trans-New Guinea → Amung |
Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak) |
|
Christianity |
Anglo-Americans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign |
United States |
New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Appalachians, Southern Americans, Florida Conchs, High Tiders, Western Americans, Okies, West Coast Americans, Anglo-Alaskans, White Hawaiians |
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Evangelicalism |
Anglo-Canadians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign |
Canada |
Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut |
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism |
Anglo-Celtic Australians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English |
Australia |
New South Welsh, Victorians, Queenslanders, Western Australians, South Australians, Tasmanians, Canberrans, Territorians |
Christianity |
Anglo-New Zealanders |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → New Zealand English |
New Zealand |
North Islanders, South Islanders, Stewart Islanders, Chatham Islanders |
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
Anglo-South Africans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English |
South Africa |
Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States |
Christianity |
Angu |
Trans-New Guinea → Angan[note 1] |
Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range) |
|
Animism |
Anindilyakwa |
East Arnhem → Anindilyakwa–Nunggubuyu → Anindilyakwa |
Australia (Groote Eylandt, Bickerton Island) |
|
Animism |
Antakirinja |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Antakarinya |
Australia (South Australia) |
|
Animism |
Anuak |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak |
Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (Boma) |
|
Christianity |
Anuta |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Anuta |
Solomon Islands (Anuta) |
|
Christianity |
Apache |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean[note 1][note 7] |
United States (Apacheria) |
Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache |
Native American religions → Native American Church |
Apanyekra |
Macro-Je → Je → Canela |
Brazil (Northeast Region) |
|
Ethnic religion |
Apinajé |
Macro-Je → Je → Apinayé |
Brazil (Tocantins) |
|
Animism |
Arabs |
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic;[note 1] Arab Sign;[note 1] Sudanese sign languages;[note 1] historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Andalusi Arabic |
North Africa, Sahel |
Bedouins (including Beni Ades), Egyptian Arabs (including Upper Egyptian Arabs[11]), Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Sudanese Arabs, Arab Christians[12] (including Alexandrians), Rashaida, Baggara Arabs (including Shuweihat), Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Berbers |
Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism |
Arapaho |
Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho |
United States (Colorado, Wyoming) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Argobba |
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba[note 8] |
Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)[note 2] |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Arrernte |
Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte |
Australia (Arrernte Land) |
|
Alcheringa |
Asmat |
Trans–New Guinea → Asmat–Kamrau → Asmat[note 1] |
Indonesia (South Papua) |
|
Christianity |
Assiniboine |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine |
Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana) |
Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi |
Traditional Assiniboine religion |
Atacama |
Kunza |
Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region) |
|
Inca Religion |
Atikamekw |
Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw |
Canada (Nitaskinan) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion |
Atyap |
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap |
Nigeria (Kaduna State) |
|
Christianity |
Austral Islanders |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Austral |
France (Austral Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Awa |
Barbacoan → Awan → Awa |
Colombia (Narino), Ecuador (Carchi) |
|
Christianity |
Aymara |
Aymaran → Aymara |
Bolivia, Peru, Chile |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Babur and Bura |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura |
Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State) |
Babur, Bura |
Islam |
Bagirmi |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language |
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi) |
|
Islam → Folk Islam |
Baining |
Baining languages[note 1] |
Papua New Guinea (Gazelle Peninsula) |
Kairak, Mali, Qaqet, Simbali, Ura |
Christianity, Pomio Kivung |
Bajuni |
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni |
Somalia (Bajuni Islands), Kenya (Coast Province) |
|
Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism |
Bakossi |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose |
Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Balanta |
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta[note 1] |
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia |
|
Traditional African religions |
Balondo-ba-Konja |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo |
Cameroon |
|
Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion |
Bambara |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara |
Mali |
|
Islam |
Bamileke |
Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke[note 1] |
Cameroon (West and Northwest regions) |
Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba |
Christianity |
Bamum |
Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum |
Cameroon (West Region) |
|
Islam |
Banda |
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda[note 1] |
Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda |
Christianity |
Bandanese |
Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banda Malay, Austronesian → Central Maluku → Banda |
Indonesia (Banda Islands) |
|
Islam, Christianity |
Bangweulu Twa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba |
Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands) |
|
Traditional African Religion |
Baniwa |
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu |
Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas) |
|
Traditional religion; Christianity → Catholicism |
Bari |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari |
South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda |
Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribes |
Christianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam (minority religion among some Kakwa bordering Uganda) |
Bariba |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba |
Borgu (Benin, Nigeria) |
|
Islam |
Bassa |
Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa |
Liberia (Bassaland) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
Basters |
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans |
Namibia (Rehoboth) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Batwa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga |
African Great Lakes |
|
Traditional African religion |
Bauzi |
East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi |
Indonesia (Papua) |
|
Animism |
Beja |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja |
Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea |
Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer |
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Belizean Creoles |
Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas English → Belizean Creole |
Belize |
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari |
Bemba |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba |
Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Bembe |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania |
|
Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions |
Bena |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena |
Tanzania (Njombe Region) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Berbers |
Afroasiatic → Berber,[note 1] Semitic → Arabic;[note 1] Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal |
Maghreb |
Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali |
Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism |
Berom |
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom |
Niger (Plateau State) |
|
Christianity |
Berta |
Nilo-Saharan → Berta |
Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan |
|
Islam |
Beti[note 9] |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Eton |
Cameroon |
Ewondo, Eton |
Christianity |
Biak |
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Biak |
Indonesia (Biak Islands) |
|
Christianity, Islam |
Bilala |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba |
Chad (Lake Fitri) |
|
Islam |
Bininj |
Macro-Gunwinyguan → Gunwinyguan → Bininj Kunwok |
Australia (Arnhem Land) |
Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Kundjeyhmi (Gundjeihmi), Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi, Kune |
Australian Aboriginal religion |
Bissa |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa |
Burkina Faso |
|
Islam |
Black Nova Scotians |
African Nova Scotian English |
Nova Scotia) |
Christianity |
Blackfoot |
Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot |
Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana) |
Kainai, Piegan (including Northern Piegan, Southern Piegan), Siksika |
Native American Church, Christianity |
Boa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele) |
|
Christianity |
Boeroes |
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinaams |
Suriname |
|
Christianity |
Boers |
Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans |
South Africa (Transvaal) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
Bokota |
Chibchan → Buglere |
Panama (Bocas del Toro) |
|
Native American religion |
Bondei |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei |
Tanzania (Pangani District) |
|
Islam, Traditional African religions |
Bororo |
Macro-Je → Bororoan → Bororo |
Brazil (Mato Grosso) |
|
Animism |
Bozo |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo |
Mali |
|
Islam |
Bribri |
Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign |
Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca) |
|
Talamancan mythology |
Bubi |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube |
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Budu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory) |
|
Christianity |
Buduma |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina |
Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon) |
|
Islam |
Bwa |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa[note 1] |
Burkina Faso, Mali |
|
Traditional African religions |
Bwatiye |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bacama |
Nigeria (Adamawa State) |
|
Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism |
Cabiyari |
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari |
Colombia (Vaupes) |
|
Christianity |
Caddo |
Caddoan → Caddo |
United States (Oklahoma) |
|
Peyote religion, Christianity |
Cahuilla |
Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla |
United States (California) |
Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla) |
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian; Ethnic religion |
Caldoche |
Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign |
France (New Caledonia) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Canary Islanders |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish |
Spain (Canary Islands) |
Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños) |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Cape Malays |
Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English |
South Africa (Western Cape) |
|
Islam |
Caquetio |
Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Caquetio |
Venezuela (Falcón, Zulia), formerly Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (Netherlands) |
|
Native American religion |
Carolinians |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Carolinian |
United States (Northern Mariana Islands) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Cayuga |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga |
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) |
|
Longhouse Religion |
Chachi[note 10] |
Barbacoan → Chaʼpalaa |
Ecuador (Esmeraldas) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion[13] |
Chaga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga[note 1] |
Tanzania |
Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga |
Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions |
Chagossians |
Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole |
Chagos Archipelago[note 11] |
|
Christianity, Rastafari |
Chamorro |
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Chamorro |
United States (Mariana Islands) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Chaoui |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shawiya |
Algeria (Aurès) |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Charrúa |
Charruan languages[note 1] |
Uruguay |
Chaná |
Animism |
Chehalis |
Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis |
United States (Washington) |
Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis |
Ethnic religion |
Chenouas |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shenwa |
Algeria (Mount Chenoua) |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Cherokee |
Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee[note 5] |
United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)[note 6] |
Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen |
Christianity, Four Mothers Society |
Chewa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa |
Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Cheyennes |
Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne; Plains Indian Sign[note 5] |
United States (Montana, Oklahoma) |
|
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
Chickasaw |
Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw |
United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)[note 6] |
|
Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism |
Chipewyan |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan |
Canada (Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Choctaw |
Muskogean → Choctaw[note 5] |
United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)[note 6] |
Choctaw Freedmen, Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band, Jena Band |
Christianity, Choctaw religion |
Chokwe |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe |
Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia |
|
Christianity |
Chumash |
Chumashan languages[note 1][note 12] |
United States (California) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Chuukese |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese |
Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Cinta Larga |
Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga |
Brazil (Amazon rainforest) |
|
Indigenous religion, Santo Daime |
Clatsop |
Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; historically Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop |
United States (Oregon) |
|
Native American religion |
Cocopah |
Yuman → Cocopah |
Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona) |
|
Native American religion |
Cocos Malays |
Malay creoles → Cocos Malay |
Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) |
significant populations in Malaysia |
Islam → Sunnism |
Cofan |
Cofan language |
Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) |
|
Animism |
Coloureds |
Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English |
South Africa (Western Cape) |
Cape Coloureds (South Africa) |
Christianity |
Comanche |
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English |
United States (Comancheria) |
|
Native American Church, Christianity |
Comorians |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian[note 1] |
Comoros, France (Mayotte) |
Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France |
Islam → Sunnism |
Conch |
Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole |
Bahamas |
|
Christianity |
Cook Islanders |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan |
Cook Islands |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Copts |
Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic,[note 13] Egyptian Sign |
Egypt, Sudan, Libya |
Upper Egypt (Sa'idi),[14] Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora |
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy; Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism |
Coushatta |
Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati |
United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town) |
|
Christianity |
Cree |
Algic → Algonquian → Cree[note 1][note 14] |
Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador) |
James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase |
Christianity |
Crow |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow |
United States (Montana) |
|
Christianity, Crow religion |
Dagaaba |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare |
Ghana, Burkina Faso |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Dagombas |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani |
Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon) |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Damara |
Khoe → Khoekhoe |
Namibia (Damaraland) |
|
Christianity |
Dane-zaa |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dane-zaa |
Canada (British Columbia, Alberta) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Dani |
Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani[note 1] |
Papua New Guinea (Baliem Valley) |
Indonesia (Highland Papua) |
Christianity → Protestantism, Islam |
Deg Xit'an |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag |
United States (Alaska) |
|
Christianity |
Dena'ina |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dena'ina |
United States (Alaska) |
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism |
Dharug |
Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug |
Australia (Sydney) |
|
Dreamtime |
Dinka |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka |
South Sudan |
|
Christianity, Dinka religion |
Dogon |
Niger–Congo → Dogon;[note 1] Bangime; Tebul Sign |
Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment) |
Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande |
Traditional African religions |
Dominickers |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
United States (Holmes County, Florida) |
|
Christianity |
Dwe'e |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime |
Cameroon |
|
Christianity |
Dyula |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula |
Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Ebira |
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira |
Nigeria (Kogi State) |
|
Islam |
Edo |
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo |
Nigeria (Edo State) |
Ika, Emai |
Christianity |
Efik |
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik |
Nigeria (Cross River State) |
|
Christianity, Efik religion |
Ekari |
Trans-New Guinea → Ekari |
Indonesia (Wissel Lakes) |
|
Christianity |
Ekoi |
Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham |
Nigeria, Cameroon |
|
Christianity, Ekoi religion |
Emae |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Emae |
Vanuatu (Emae) |
|
Christianity |
Embera |
Choco → Embera[note 1] |
Colombia (Choco Department), Panama (Darien, Embera) |
|
Shamanism |
Eora |
Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug |
Australia (Sydney) |
|
Dreamtime |
Esan |
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan |
Nigeria (Esanland) |
|
Christianity |
Ewe |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, Kpessi |
Togo, Ghana |
Agave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, Waci |
Christianity, West African Vodun |
Eyak |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Eyak, Indo-European → Germanic → English |
United States (Alaska) |
|
Christianity |
Falkland Islanders |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English |
British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Fang |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang |
Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon |
|
Christianity |
Fijians[note 15] |
Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian |
Fiji |
Significant populatitons in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom |
Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism |
Fipa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu |
Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Fon |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon |
Benin (Dahomey) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun |
French Canadians |
Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign |
Canada |
Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans |
Christianity → Catholicism |
French Louisianians |
Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → French → Louisiana French, Missouri French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English; historically Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole |
United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri) |
Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles |
Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo |
Fula |
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula[note 1] |
West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)[note 16] |
Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula |
Islam |
Fur |
Furan → Fur |
Sudan (Darfur) |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Futuna-Aniwa |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Futuna-Aniwa |
Vanuatu (Futuna, Aniwa) |
|
Christianity |
Futunans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Futunan |
France (Wallis and Futuna) |
|
Christianity |
Ga-Adangbe |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme[note 1] |
Greater Accra (Ghana) |
Ga, Adangbe |
Christianity |
Gabrieleños |
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno[note 17] |
United States (California) |
|
Native American religion, Christianity |
Gade |
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade |
Nigeria (Niger State) |
|
Gobo |
Galela |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Galela |
Indonesia (North Maluku) |
|
Islam, Christianity |
Gamilaraay |
Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay |
Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) |
|
Alcheringa |
Ganda |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda |
Uganda (Buganda) |
|
Christianity |
Garifunas |
Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna[note 18] |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[note 19] |
Significant populations in the United States |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Gaviao (Je) |
Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Parkateje, Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Pykobje |
Brazil (Pará, Maranhão) |
Parkateje, Pykobje |
Animism |
Gaviao (Rondonia) |
Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná |
Brazil (Rondonia) |
|
Animism |
Gbagyi |
Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari |
Nigeria |
|
Traditional African religions |
Gbaya |
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya[note 1] |
Central African Republic, Cameroon |
Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu |
Islam |
Gedeo |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo |
Ethiopia (Gedeo) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay |
Ghomaras |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Ghomara |
Morocco (Western Rif) |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Gitxsan |
Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan |
Canada (Skeena Country) |
|
Native American religion |
Gnawas |
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic |
Morocco |
|
Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion |
Gogo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo |
Tanzania (Dodoma Region) |
|
Christianity, African Traditional Religion |
Gola |
Niger–Congo → Gola |
Liberia, Sierra Leone |
|
Islam |
Gosha |
Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli |
Somalia |
|
Islam |
Greeks |
Indo-European → Hellenic;[note 1] Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic; Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign |
Egypt |
Egyptian Greeks (including Alexandrian Greeks), along with significant populations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe |
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries |
Gros Ventre |
Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre |
United States (Montana) |
|
Sun Dance |
Guajajara |
Tupian → Tenetehara |
Brazil (Maranhão) |
|
Shamanism, Santo Daime |
Guan |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang[note 1] |
Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions) |
Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso |
Christianity |
Guarani |
Tupian → Guarani |
Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia |
Chiriguanos |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Gumuz |
Bʼaga languages[note 1] |
Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region) |
|
Traditional African religion |
Guna |
Chibchan → Guna |
Panama (Guna Yala) |
|
Native American religion |
Gurage |
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage;[note 1] historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes |
Ethiopia (Guragia) |
Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha) |
Christianity |
Gurindji |
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Gurindji, Pama–Nyungan and Indo-European → Gurindji and Australian Kriol → Gurindji Kriol |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Dreamtime |
Gurma |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche |
Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana) |
Ntcham, Bimoba |
Islam |
Gurunsi |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi[note 1] |
Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo |
Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla |
Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam |
Gwich'in |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in |
Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska) |
|
Native American religion |
Ha |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha |
Tanzania (Kigoma Region) |
|
Animism |
Hadiya |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya |
Ethiopia (Hadiya) |
|
Islam |
Hadza |
Hadza language |
Tanzania (Karatu District) |
|
Hadza mythology |
Haida |
Haida languages,[note 1] historically Haida Jargon |
Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island) |
Kaigani Haida |
Haida Traditional Faith |
Haisla |
Wakashan → Haisla |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Hän |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han |
Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska) |
|
Native American religion |
Hangaza |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza |
Tanzania (Kagera Region) |
|
Christianity |
Harari |
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari |
Ethiopia (Hararia) |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Haratins |
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic,[note 1] Afroasiatic → Berber[note 1] |
Mauritania |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Hausa |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa |
Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana) |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Hawaiians |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian,[note 20] Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign |
United States (Hawaii) |
|
Christianity, Hawaiian religion |
Haya |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya |
Tanzania (Kagera Region) |
|
Christianity, Ruhanga |
Hehe |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe |
Tanzania (Iringa Region) |
|
Christianity |
Heiltsuk |
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk |
Canada (Central Coast Regional District) |
|
Native American religion |
Herero |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero |
Namibia (Hereroland), Angola |
OvaHimba, Ovambanderu |
Christianity |
Hispanic Americans |
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish |
Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize |
Mexicans (including Northeastern Mexicans, Northwestern Mexicans, Baja Californians, Western Mexicans, Abajeno, Central Mexicans, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Bogotan, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobes, Puntano, Litoraleno, Porteno, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Hispanic Venezuelans (Amazonian Venezuelans, Llaneros, Andean Venezuelans, Western Venezuelans, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelans, Caraquenos, Zulianos, Central Venezuelans, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American), Ecuadorian (Quitenos, Riobambenos, Cuencanos, Lojano, Esmeraldeno, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Galapagueños, Ecuadorian Americans), Guatemalans (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cubans (including Cuban Americans), Dominicans (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanians (including Panamanian Americans), Uruguayans (including Uruguayan Americans), Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Ricans, Hispanic Americans in the United States (including Chicanos, Nuyoricans), colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos, Floridanos, Louisiana Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian Americans, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Ho-Chunk |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Ho-Chunk |
United States (Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota) |
Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska |
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
Holikachuk |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Holikachuk |
United States (Alaska) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Hopi |
Uto-Aztecan → Hopi |
United States (Hopi Reservation) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Huambisa |
Chicham → Huambisa |
Peru (Peruvian Amazonia), Ecuador (Oriente) |
|
Christianity, Shamanism, Animism |
Huli |
Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli |
Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province) |
|
Christianity, Papuan religion |
Hunsrikers |
Indo-European → Germanic → Hunsrik |
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism |
Hutterites |
Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German |
Great Plains (United States, Canada) |
Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut |
Christianity → Anabaptism |
Hutu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 21] |
Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) |
|
Christianity |
Iatmul |
Sepik → Iatmul |
Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province) |
|
Christianity |
Ibibio |
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket, |
Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State) |
Eket, Anaang, Oron |
Christianity |
Idoma |
Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma |
Nigeria (Benue State) |
Agatu, Alago, Yala |
Christianity |
Igbo |
Niger–Congo → Igbo |
Nigeria (Igboland) |
Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa |
Christianity, Odinala |
Igede |
Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede |
Nigeria (Benue State) |
|
Christianity |
Ijaw |
Niger–Congo → Ijaw[note 1] |
Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States) |
Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo |
Christianity |
Imraguen |
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen |
Mauritania, Western Sahara |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Indo-Caribbeans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil |
Caribbean |
Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom |
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí |
Indo-Fijians |
Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian |
Fiji |
Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom |
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism |
Indo-Mauritians |
Indo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil |
Mauritius |
|
Hinduism, Islam |
Indo-South Africans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English |
South Africa |
|
Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism |
Innu |
Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi |
Canada (Nitassinan) |
Naskapi (including Kawawachikamach Naskapi, Mushuau Naskapi), Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu |
Animism |
Inuit |
Eskaleut → Inuit,[note 1] Inuit Sign language |
Danish Realm (Greenland), Canada (Inuit Nunangat), United States (Alaska) |
Greenlanders (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Inupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut), historically Ahiarmiut |
Christianity, Inuit religion |
Iowa |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere |
United States (Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma) |
Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma, Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska |
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
Iraqw |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw |
Tanzania |
|
Christianity |
Isoko |
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko |
Nigeria (Isoko region) |
|
Christianity |
Jamaican Maroons |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole |
Jamaica |
|
Kumfu |
Jews |
Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,[note 22] Jewish languages,[note 1][note 23] DGSic → Israeli Sign |
North Africa, East Africa |
Sephardim (including Egyptian Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, and Toshavim (including Mozabite Jews)), Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Rusape Jews, Abayudaya, Igbo Jews, as well as historically some Aksumites, along with significant populations in South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe |
Judaism |
Jita |
Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Suguti |
Tanzania (Mara Region) |
|
Christianity, Ethnic Religion |
Jola |
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola[note 1] |
Senegal (Jolaland) |
Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp |
Traditional African religions |
Jukun |
Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum[note 24] |
Nigeria (Wukari) |
Wannu |
Traditional African religions |
Jur |
Nilotic → Luo → Jur |
South Sudan |
Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, Morokodo |
Christianity, Traditional African religions[15] |
Kablunângajuit |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English → Newfoundland English |
Canada (Nunatsiavut) |
|
Christianity |
Kabyle |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Kabyle |
Algeria (Kabylia) |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Kafwe Twa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga |
Zambia (Kafue Flats) |
|
Traditional African religion |
Kaguru |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu |
Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains) |
|
Folk religion |
Kaingang |
Macro-Je → Je → Kaingang[note 1] |
Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo) |
|
Shamanism |
Kalanga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga |
Zimbabwe, Botswana |
Nambya |
Christianity |
Kalenjin |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin[note 1] |
Kenya (Rift Valley Province) |
Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik |
Christianity |
Kalinago |
Indo-European → Germanic → English,[note 25] Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole |
Lesser Antilles |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Kaluli |
Trans-New Guinea → Kaluli |
Papua New Guinea (Great Papuan Plateau) |
|
Papuan religion |
Kamba |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba |
Kenya (Ukambani) |
|
Christianity |
Kamentsa |
Camsa language |
Colombia (Putumayo) |
|
Christianity |
Kanaks |
Austronesian → Kanak[note 1] |
France (Kanaky) |
Haveke, Ajie, Arha, Xaragure, Haeke |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Kanuri |
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri |
Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon) |
Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri |
Islam |
Kao |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Kao; West Papuan → North Halmahera → Modole |
Indonesia (Kao Land) |
Pagu, Modole people, Boeng, Towiliko |
Christianity, Islam, Animism |
Kapingamarangi |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Kapingamarangi |
Federated States of Micronesia (Kapingamarangi) |
|
Christianity |
Kapsiki |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki |
Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon) |
|
Islam |
Kartudjara |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati |
Australia (Southern Australia) |
|
Animism |
Karuks |
Karuk language |
United States (California) |
|
Christianity |
Kaska Dena |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska |
Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory) |
|
Native American religion |
Kassena |
Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena |
Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso |
|
Kassena religion |
Kaurna |
Pama-Nyungan → Thura-Yura → Kaurna[note 26] |
Australia (South Australia) |
|
Dreamtime |
Kaw |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Kansa |
United States (Oklahoma, Kansas) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church, Native American religion |
Kawesqar |
Alacalufan → Kawesqar |
Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Kayapo |
Macro-Je → Je → Kayapo |
Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso) |
|
Animism |
Keres |
Keresan languages,[note 1] Keresan Sign Language |
United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico) |
Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé) |
Syncretised form of Christianity and Pueblo religion |
Kerewe |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe |
Tanzania (Ukerewe Island) |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Kickapoo |
Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo |
United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango) |
Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma |
Native American Church, Christianity |
Kiga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga |
Uganda, Rwanda |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism |
Kikuyu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu |
Kenya (Central Province) |
|
Christianity |
Kilba |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba |
Nigeria (Hong) |
|
Christianity |
Kinga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga |
Tanzania (Kipengere Range) |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion |
Kiowa |
Tanoan → Kiowa |
United States (Oklahoma) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Kiribati |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Gilbertese |
Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) |
|
Christianity, Baháʼí Faith |
Kiriri |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese; formerly Macro-Jê → Kariri |
Brazil (Ceará) |
|
Toré religion[16] |
Kissi |
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi |
Guinea, Sierra Leone |
|
Christianity |
Klallam |
Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam |
United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island) |
Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam |
Christianity, Shamanism |
Koara |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati |
Australia (Western Australia) |
|
Animism |
Kofyar |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar |
Nigeria (Plateau State) |
|
Traditional African religions |
Kokatha |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati |
Australia (South Australia) |
|
Animism |
Kongo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo |
Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola) |
Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe |
Christianity, Kongo religion |
Konjo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo |
Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda) |
Nande |
Christianity |
Konso |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso |
Ethiopia (Konso) |
|
Traditional African religions |
Kosraeans |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Kosraean |
Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae) |
|
Christianity |
Koyukon |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon |
United States (Alaska) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Kpelle |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle |
Liberia, Guinea |
|
Traditional African religions |
Kposo |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo |
Togo (Plateaux), Ghana |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Kraho |
Macro-Je → Je → Kraho |
Brazil (Terra Indigena Kraolandia) |
|
Animism |
Kru |
Niger–Congo → Kru[note 1] |
Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties) |
Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa |
Christianity |
Kulin |
Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin |
Australia (Victoria) |
|
Alcheringa |
Kunama |
Nilo-Saharan → Kunama |
Eritrea, Ethiopia |
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy |
Kuria |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria |
Kenya, Tanzania |
|
Traditional African religions, Christianity |
Kuteb |
Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb |
Nigeria (Taraba State) |
|
Christianity |
Kuwarranyji |
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra → Kuwarranyji |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Alcheringa |
Kwakwaka'wakw |
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Kwaya |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya |
Tanzania (Mara Region) |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religion |
Kwere |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere |
Tanzania (Bagamoyo District) |
|
Islam, Traditional African religion |
Kwinti |
Indo-European → English Creole → Kwinti |
Suriname |
|
Christianity → Moravian Church |
Lani |
Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani |
Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Larrakia |
Larrakia |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Alcheringa |
Lega |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Traditional African religions |
Lemba |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona |
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique |
|
Christianity, Islam, Judaism |
Lenape |
Algic → Algonquian → Munsee; historically Algic → Algonquian → Unami |
United States, Canada |
Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians |
Traditional Lenape religion |
Lenca |
Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish |
Honduras, El Salvador |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom |
Limba |
Niger–Congo → Limba |
Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts) |
|
Christianity |
Loloda |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Loloda |
Indonesia (Loloda Islands) |
|
Islam, Animism |
Lower Cowlitz |
Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz |
United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation) |
|
Native American religion |
Luangiua |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Luangiua |
Solomon Islands (Ontong Java) |
|
Christianity |
Luba |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban[note 1] |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland) |
Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua |
Christianity |
Lugbara |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Lugbara |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale Province), South Sudan, Uganda (West Nile (particularly Arua City, Arua, Maracha, Terego, Madi-Okollo, Yumbe and Koboko districts)) |
Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa |
Christianity, Islam, Lugbara religion[17] |
Luhya |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya |
Kenya (Western Province) |
Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga, |
Christianity |
Lumbee |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English |
United States (North Carolina) |
|
Christianity |
Luo |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo |
Kenya |
|
Christianity |
Luritja |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Alcheringa |
Luso-Africans |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese |
PALOP countries (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea), South Africa |
Portuguese Africans (including Luso-Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Luso-Equatoguineans, Luso-Guineans, Mozambique, Santomeans, Luso-South Africans) |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Luso-Brazilians |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese |
Brazil |
North Brazilians, Northeast Brazilians, Central-West Brazilians, Southeast Brazilians (includes Caipiras), South Brazilians (including Paranaenses, Riograndenses, and Catarinenses), along with significant populations in the United States, Portugal, Paraguay, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, Argentina, France, Switzerland, French Guiana, Australia, Ireland, Mexico, Uruguay, Belgium, Bolivia, Netherlands, and Suriname |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Maasai |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai |
Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya) |
Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi |
Traditional African religions |
Macushi |
Cariban → Macushi |
Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima) |
|
Shamanism |
Madi |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda |
|
Christianity |
Mafa |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa |
Cameroon |
|
Christianity |
Makaa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep |
Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region) |
South Makaa, North Makaa |
Christianity, Traditional African religion |
Makah |
Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah |
United States (Washington) |
|
Native American religion |
Makianese |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Moi, Austronesian → South Halmahera → Taba, |
Indonesia (Makian) |
Tabayama, Jitinee |
Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism |
Makonde |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde |
Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau) |
Machinga |
Islam |
Makua |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa |
Mozambique |
Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo |
Traditional African religions |
Malagasy |
Austronesian → Greater Barito → Malagasy |
Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius |
Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo |
Christianity, Malagasy religion |
Mambila |
Niger–Congo → Mambila |
Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon) |
Somyev |
Traditional African religions |
Mandinka |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding[note 1] |
Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal |
Bolon |
Islam |
Mangarevans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Mangareva |
France (Gambier Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Manjak |
Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak |
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal |
|
Traditional African religions |
Māori |
Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori,[note 27] |
New Zealand |
Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States |
Christianity |
Mapuche |
Araucanian languages[note 1][note 28] |
Chile (Araucania), Argentina |
Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche |
Christianity, Mapuche religion |
Marquesas Islanders |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Marquesan |
France (Marquesas Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Marshallese |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Marshallese |
Marshall Islands |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Masa |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana |
Cameroon, Chad |
|
Christianity, Islam[citation needed] |
Masalit |
Nilo-Saharan → Masalit |
Sudan, Chad |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Matawai |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan |
Suriname |
|
Christianity → Moravian Church |
Mauritian Creoles |
Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole |
Mauritius |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari |
Maya |
Mayan;[note 1] Mayan Sign |
Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas) |
Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Chʼol, and Tzʼutujil |
Christianity → Catholicism; Maya religion |
Mayangna |
Misumalpan → Sumo[note 1] |
Nicaragua (Mosquito Coast) |
Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa |
Christianity |
Mayles |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
United States (West Virginia) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Mayo |
Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Mayo |
Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion |
Mazahua |
Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua |
Mexico (State of Mexico) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Mazatec |
Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan[note 1] |
Mexico (Oaxaca) |
Ayautla |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Mbaka |
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka |
Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Mbugu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare; Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa |
Tanzania (Usambara Mountains) |
|
Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion |
Mele-Fila |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Mele-Fila |
Vanuatu (Mele, Ifira) |
|
Christianity |
Melungeons |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English |
United States (Appalachia) |
Carmel Indians |
Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists |
Mende |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende |
Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces) |
|
Islam |
Mennonites |
Indo-European → Germanic → German, Dutch, English; Romance → Spanish |
Americas |
Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay |
Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism |
Menominee |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Algic → Algonquian → Menominee |
United States (Wisconsin (Menominee Indian Reservation)) |
Keshena, Legend Lake, Middle Village, Neopit, Zoar |
Christianity → Catholicism, Big Drum, Native American Church |
Métis |
Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif; Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi |
Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana) |
Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis |
Christianity |
Mi'kmaq |
Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq[note 14] |
Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine) |
Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Miami |
Algic → Algonquian → Miami–Illinois → Miami proper |
United States (Illinois) |
Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw |
Christianity, Native American religion |
Miccosukee |
Muskogean → Mikasuki |
United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Mijikenda |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda |
Kenya (Coast Province) |
Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai |
Christianity |
Misak |
Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik |
Colombia (Cauca) |
|
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
Miskito |
Misumalpan → Miskito; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole |
Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras) |
Miskito Sambu |
Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church |
Missouria |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere |
United States (Oklahoma, previously Missouri) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Mixe |
Mixe–Zoque → Mixe[note 1] |
Mexico (Oaxaca) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Mixtec |
Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec |
Mexico (La Mixteca) |
Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Mohawk |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk |
Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York) |
|
Animism, Christianity |
Monacans |
Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo[note 29] |
United States (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio) |
|
Christianity |
Mongo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo |
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi) |
Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela |
Christianity |
Moriori |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Moriori,[note 30] Indo-European → Germanic → English[19] |
New Zealand (Chatham Islands) |
|
Christianity including Rātana |
Mormons[20] |
Indo-European → Germanic → English |
United States (Mountain States) |
|
Christianity → Mormonism |
Moru |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Moru |
South Sudan (Western Equatoria) |
Miza; Ägyi; Moroändri; Kediro, 'Bari'ba[21] |
Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan[22] |
Mossi |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi |
Burkina Faso (Mossiland) |
|
Islam |
Motu |
Austronesian → Papuan Tip → Motu |
Papua New Guinea (Central Province) |
|
Christianity, Shamanism |
Mudburra |
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Alcheringa |
Muiscas |
Chibchan → Chibcha |
Colombia (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) |
|
Muisca religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
Mumuye |
Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye |
Nigeria (Taraba State) |
|
Traditional African religions |
Muscogee |
Muskogean → Muscogee,[note 5] Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki |
United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)[note 6] |
Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen |
Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society |
Musgum |
Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu |
Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est) |
|
Islam |
Mwera |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera |
Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions) |
|
Islam |
Nahuas |
Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl |
Mexico |
Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil |
Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion |
Nakoda |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney |
Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) |
Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney |
Christianity |
Nama |
Khoe → Khoekhoe |
Namibia (Namaland), South Africa |
Oorlams |
Christianity |
Naso |
Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe |
Panama (Bocas del Toro) |
|
Native American religion |
Natchez |
Natchez language[note 5] |
United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina) |
Eastern Band |
Christianity, Native American religion |
Nauruans |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Nauruan |
Nauru |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Navajo |
Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo; Navajo Family Sign[note 5] |
United States (Dinétah) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church |
Ndendeule |
Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule |
Tanzania |
|
Animism |
Nez Perce |
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce,[note 5] Indo-European → Germanic → English |
United States (Idaho, Washington) |
|
Waashat Religion, Christianity |
Ngabe |
Chibchan → Guaymi |
Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Ngarinyin |
Worrorran → Ngarinyin |
Australia (Western Australia) |
|
Dreamtime |
Ngbandi |
Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic |
Yakoma |
Christianity |
Ngoni |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ngoni |
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia |
|
Christianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam |
Ni-Vanuatu |
Indo-European → English Creole → Bislama; over 100 Oceanic languages |
Vanuatu |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Nipmucs |
Historically Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Massachusett |
United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation) |
Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation |
Manito, Christianity |
Nisga'a |
Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Nisga'a |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Niueans |
Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean |
New Zealand (Niue) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
Nkole |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore |
Uganda (Ankole) |
|
Christianity, Ruhanga |
Nooksack |
Salishan → Coast Salish → Nooksack |
United States (Washington) |
|
Native American religion, Christianity |
Noongar |
Pama-Nyungan → Nyungic → Noongar |
Australia (Western Australia) |
Amangu, Ballardong, Yued, Kaneang, Koreng, Mineng, Njakinjaki, Njunga, Pibelmen, Pindjarup, Wadandi, Whadjuk, Wiilman, Wudjari |
Alcheringa |
Norfolk Islanders |
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn–Norfolk → Norfuk |
Australia (Norfolk Island) |
|
Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism[23] |
Nubians |
Nilo-Saharan → Nubian[note 1] |
Nubia (Egypt, Sudan) |
Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali) |
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Nubis |
Afroasiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi |
Uganda, Kenya |
Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis |
Islam |
Nuer |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer |
South Sudan (Nuerland) |
|
Traditional African religions |
Nugurians |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Nuguria |
Papua New Guinea (Nuguria) |
|
Christianity |
Nukumanu |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Nukumanu |
Papua New Guinea (Nukumanu) |
|
Christianity |
Nukuorans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Nukuoro |
Federated States of Micronesia (Nukuoro) |
|
Christianity |
NunatuKavummiut |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English |
Canada (NunatuKavut) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism; Animism |
Nuu-chah-nulth |
Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Nuxalk |
Salishan → Nuxalk |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Nyambo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo |
Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism |
O'odham |
Uto-Aztecan → Piman → O'odham |
Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona) |
Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham, Hia C-eḍ O'odham |
Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion |
Odawa |
Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa[note 31] |
Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan) |
|
Midewiwin, Animism, Traditional religion, Christianity[24] |
Ogiek |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek |
Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon) |
|
Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion[25] |
Ogoni |
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni[note 1] |
Nigeria (Ogoniland) |
Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ |
Christianity |
Ogu |
Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun |
Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin |
|
Christianity, Islam, West African Vodun[26] |
Oji-Cree |
Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree |
Canada (Ontario, Manitoba) |
|
Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, Christianity[27] |
Ojibwe |
Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe[note 1][note 31] |
Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States) |
Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians |
Midewiwin |
Okies |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English |
United States (Oklahoma, California) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist |
Oku |
Indo-European → English Creole → Krio; Indo-European → Germanic → English |
Sierra Leone, The Gambia |
|
Islam |
Omaha |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca |
United States (Nebraska, Iowa) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Oneida |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida[note 31] |
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin) |
|
Longhouse Religion |
Onondaga |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga |
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York) |
|
Longhouse Religion, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity[28] |
Oromo |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo[note 1] |
Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya |
Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo |
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Osage |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Osage; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French[29] |
United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas) |
|
Christianity, Inlonshka, Traditional Spirituality[30] |
Otoe |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Chiwere |
United States (Oklahoma, formerly Nebraska) |
|
Native American Church, Christianity |
Otomi |
Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi |
Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Ouvéans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → West Uvean |
France (New Caledonia (Ouvéa)) |
|
Christianity |
Ovambo |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo |
Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
Ovimbundu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu |
Angola |
|
Christianity |
Pākehā |
Indo-European → Germanic →English → New Zealand English |
New Zealand |
|
Irreligion, Christianity |
Palau |
Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Palauan English |
Palau |
|
Christianity, Modekngei |
Palawa |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Palawa kani; historically Tasmanian languages[note 1][note 32] |
Australia (Tasmania) |
|
Alcheringa |
Papel |
Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel |
Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Paramaccan |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka |
Suriname (Pamacca) |
|
Winti |
Pardo |
Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese |
Brazil |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Pare |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare |
Tanzania (Pare Mountains) |
|
Islam |
Pataxó |
Macro-Jê → Maxakalian → Pataxó |
Brazil (Bahia) |
|
Shamanism |
Pawnee |
Caddoan → Pawnee-Kitsai → Pawnee-Arikara → Pawnee |
United States (Oklahoma, formerly Kansas and Nebraska) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Pedi |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → Sepedi |
South Africa (Limpopo) |
|
Christianity |
Pende |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Christianity |
Pennsylvania Dutch |
Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English |
United States (Pennsylvania) |
Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren) |
Christianity → Protestantism |
Piapoco |
Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco |
Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |
|
Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
Pied-Noir |
Indo-European → Romance → French |
Algeria |
|
Christianity |
Pileni |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Vaeakau-Taumako |
Solomon Islands (Reef Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Pitcairn Islanders |
Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern |
British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands) |
Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand[31] |
Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism |
Pitjantjara |
Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara |
Australia (Central Australia) |
|
Alcheringa |
Pohnpeians |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Pohnpeian |
Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei) |
|
Christianity |
Ponca |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca |
United States (Nebraska, Oklahoma) |
|
Christianity, Native American Church |
Potawatomi |
Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi |
Canada (Ontario, United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin) |
|
Midewiwin, Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Methodism[32] |
Potiguara |
Tupian → Potiguara' Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese |
Brazil (Paraíba) |
|
Shamanism |
Powhatans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; historically Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian |
United States (Tsenacommacah) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion[33] |
Punjabi Mexican Americans |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
United States (California) |
|
Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity |
Purepecha |
Purépechan languages[note 1] |
Mexico (Michoacan) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Quapaw |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Quapaw |
United States (Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion, Native American Church |
Quechan |
Yuman → Quechan |
United States (Arizona, California) |
|
Native American religion, Christianity |
Quechua |
Quechuan[note 1] |
Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina |
Ayacucho, Cajamarca–Canaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Huanca, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueno, South Bolivian |
Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion |
Quileute |
Chimakuan → Quileute |
United States (Washington) |
|
Native American religion |
Qulla |
Quechuan → Quechua II → Southern Quechua |
Qullaw (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Rama |
Chibchan → Rama; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole → Rama Cay Creole |
Nicaragua (Rama Cay) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church |
Ramkokamekra |
Macro-Je → Je → Canela |
Brazil (Northeast Region) |
|
Animism |
Ranquel |
Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel |
Argentina (La Pampa Province) |
|
Native American religion[34] |
Rapa Iti |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa |
France (Rapa Iti) |
|
Christianity |
Rapa Nui |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui |
Chile (Easter Island) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Redbones |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
United States (Louisiana) |
|
Christianity |
Rendille |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille |
Kenya (Eastern Province) |
|
Waaq |
Rennellese |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Rennellese |
Solomon Islands (Rennell and Bellona) |
|
Christianity |
Rhodesians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English |
Zimbabwe |
Significant populations in the United Kingdom |
Christianity |
Rifians |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Tarifit |
Morocco |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Rotumans |
Austronesian → Central Pacific → Rotuman |
Fiji (Rotuma) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism, Methodism; Catholicism[35] |
Saho |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho |
Eritrea, Ethiopia |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Sahrawis |
Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic |
Western Sahara |
Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa |
Islam → Sunnism |
Saint Helenians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English |
Saint Helena |
|
Christianity → Anglicanism |
Salinan |
Hokan → Salinan |
United States (California) |
|
Native American religion |
Samoans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan |
Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa) |
American Samoans, Samoan Samoans, with significant populations in New Zealand, the United States |
Christianity |
Sandawe |
Sandawe |
Tanzania (Chemba District) |
|
Traditional African Religion, Islam |
Sara |
Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara[note 1] |
Chad, Central African Republic |
Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay |
Traditional African religions |
Saramaka |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan |
Suriname |
|
Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church |
Sekani |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Sekani |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Selk'nam |
Chonan → Selk'nam, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |
Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) |
|
Animism, Christianity |
Seminoles |
Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole |
United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila) |
Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles |
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Green Corn Ceremony |
Seneca |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca |
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) |
|
Longhouse Religion, Christianity[36] |
Senufo |
Atlantic–Congo → (disputed) → Senufo[note 1] |
Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso |
Nafana, Minyanka |
Traditional African religions |
Serer |
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, Cangin[note 1] |
Senegal |
Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi |
Islam, Serer religion |
Serrano |
Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Serrano[note 5] |
United States (California) |
Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano |
Native American religion |
Seychellois Creoles |
Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole |
Seychelles |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Shawnee |
Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee |
United States (Oklahoma, historically Ohio) |
Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe |
Indigenous religion[37] |
Sherbro |
Atlantic–Congo → Mel → Sherbro |
Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island) |
|
Traditional African religions |
Shilha |
Afroasiatic → Berber → Shilha |
Morocco |
|
Islam → Sunnism |
Shilluk |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk |
South Sudan |
Gule |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Shirazi |
Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili |
Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros |
Zanzibaris, and Maore |
Islam → Sunnism |
Shiriana |
Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language |
Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest) |
Auake |
Animism[38] |
Shona |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona |
Zimbabwe (Mashonaland) |
Manyika, Ndau |
Christianity |
Shoshone |
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni |
Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States) |
Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute |
Native American Church, Christianity |
Shuar |
Chicham → Shuar |
Peru (Peruvian Amazonia), Ecuador (Oriente) |
|
Christianity, Shamanism, Animism |
Sidama |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama |
Ethiopia (Sidamia) |
|
Christianity |
Sierra Leone Creoles |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis |
Sierra Leone |
Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States |
Christianity |
Sikaiana |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Sikaiana |
Solomon Islands (Sikaiana) |
|
Christianity |
Siltʼe |
Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe |
Ethiopia (Siltia) |
|
Islam |
Siona |
Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona |
Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) |
|
Animism |
Sioux |
Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux[note 1][note 33] |
United States (Lakotah) |
Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton) |
Native American religion |
Sirenik |
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,[note 34] historically Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik |
Russia (Sireniki) |
|
Christianity, formerly shamanism |
Skokomish |
Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana |
United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation) |
|
Christianity → Indian Shaker Church[39] |
Slavey |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey[note 1] |
Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories) |
Deh Cho, Sahtu |
Christianity, Animism |
Soga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga |
Uganda (Busoga) |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Somalis |
Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Somali[note 1] |
Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya) |
Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada |
Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism |
Songhai |
Songhay languages[note 1] |
West Africa |
Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi |
Islam |
Soninke |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke |
Mali |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam → Malikism |
Sonsorolese |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Sonsorolese |
Palau (Sonsorol) |
|
Christianity |
Sotho |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho |
South Africa (Free State), Lesotho |
|
Christianity |
South Carolina Turks[40] |
Indo-European → Germanic → English |
United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina) |
|
Islam |
South Sea Islanders |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English |
Australia (Queensland) |
|
Christianity[41] |
Squamish |
Salishan → Coast Salish → Squamish |
Canada (British Columbia (North Vancouver (Squamish Nation))) |
Senakw, X̱wáýx̱way, X̱wemelch'stn, Stawamus |
Irreligion, Christianity |
Sukuma |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma |
Tanzania |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Sulanese |
Austronesian → Central Maluku → Sula |
Indonesia (Sula Islands Regency) |
Fagudu, Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon |
Islam → Sunnism; Animism |
Surma |
Nilo-Saharan → Surmic[note 1] |
Ethiopia, South Sudan |
Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo |
Traditional African religions |
Susu |
Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu |
Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia) |
|
Islam |
Swahili |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili |
Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros) |
|
Islam |
Swazi |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swazi |
South Africa (Mpumalanga), Eswatini |
|
Christianity → African Zionism |
Tabaru |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tabaru |
Indonesia (Jailolo) |
|
Animism |
Tagish |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish |
Canada (Yukon) |
|
Christianity, Animism[42] |
Tahitians |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian[note 35] |
France (Tahiti) |
|
Christianity |
Tahltan |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan |
Canada (Northern British Columbia) |
|
Christianity, Animism[43] |
Taidnapam |
Historically Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon |
United States (Yakama Indian Reservation) |
Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz |
Native American religion[44] |
Taino |
Arawakan → Taino |
Greater Antilles |
|
Native American religion |
Takuu |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Takuu |
Papua New Guinea (Takuu) |
|
Christianity |
Tallensi |
Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni |
Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso |
|
Tallensi religion |
Tama |
Nilo-Saharan → Taman → Tama |
Chad, Sudan |
|
Islam |
Tanana Athabaskans |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross |
United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon) |
Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana |
Christianity, Shamanism[45] |
Taos |
Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos |
United States (Taos Pueblo) |
|
Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity |
Tapayuna |
Macro-Jê → Jê → Tapayuna |
Brazil (Mato Grosso) |
|
Ethnoreligion |
Tarahumara |
Uto-Aztecan → Tarahumaran → Tarahumara |
Mexico (Chihuahua) |
|
Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism |
Tarok |
Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok |
Nigeria (Plateau State) |
|
Christianity |
Tehuelche |
Chonan → Tehuelche, Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |
Argentina (eastern Patagonia) |
|
Animism, Christianity |
Teke |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke |
Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Traditional African religions[46] |
Temne |
Niger–Congo → Mel → Temne |
Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone) |
|
Islam |
Tepehuán |
Uto-Aztecan → Piman → Tepehuán |
Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit) |
|
Tepehuán Mythology, Shamanism, Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism |
Terena |
Arawakan → Terena; Brazilian Sign language; Terena Sign language |
Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul) |
|
Shamanism |
Ternate |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Ternate |
Indonesia (Ternate) |
Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese |
Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism |
Tewa |
Tanoan → Tewa |
United States (New Mexico) |
|
Christianity, Pueblo religion |
Ticuna |
Ticuna–Yuri → Ticuna |
Brazil (Amazonas) |
|
Shamanism |
Tidore |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tidore |
Indonesia (Tidore) |
|
Islam |
Tigrayans |
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya |
Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia) |
|
Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy |
Tigre |
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre |
Eritrea |
|
Islam |
Tikopia |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tikopia |
Solomon Islands (Tikopia) |
|
Christianity |
Tiv |
Niger–Congo → Tiv |
Nigeria (Benue State) |
|
Christianity |
Tiwi |
Tiwi |
Australia (Tiwi Islands) |
|
Alcheringa |
Tlapanec |
Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec |
Mexico (Guerrero) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Tlicho |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tlicho |
Canada (Northwest Territories) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Tlingit |
Na-Dene → Tlingit |
Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington) |
|
Alaska Native religion |
Tobati |
Austronesian → North New Guinea → Tobati |
Indonesia (Jayapura) |
|
Christianity, Islam |
Tobelo |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tobelo |
Indonesia (North Halmahera) |
Dodinga, Boeng, Kao, Maba |
Christianity → Protestantism, Animism, Islam → Sunni Islam |
Tobians |
Austronesian → Micronesian → Tobian |
Palau (Hatohobei) |
|
Christianity |
Togutils |
West Papuan → North Halmahera → Togutil |
Indonesia (North Halmahera (Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park)) |
Totodoku, Tukur-Tukur, Lolobata, Kobekulo, Buli |
Animism, Christianity, Islam |
Tokelauans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tokelauan |
Tokelau |
|
Christianity → Congregationalism |
Tonga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga |
Zambia, Zimbabwe |
|
Traditional African Religion |
Tongans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tongan |
Tonga |
Tongan Hawaiians |
Christianity |
Tooro |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro |
Uganda (Tooro Kingdom) |
Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi[47] |
Christianity, Ruhanga |
Torres Strait Islanders |
Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole |
Australia (Torres Strait Islands) |
|
Christianity |
Totonac |
Totonac[note 1] |
Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Toubou |
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu[note 1] |
Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya) |
Daza, Teda |
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Toucouleur |
Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar |
Senegal (Futa Tooro) |
|
Islam |
Trumai |
Trumai |
Brazil (Mato Grosso) |
|
Animism |
Tsimané |
Macro-Panoan → Moseten–Chonan → Tsimané |
Bolivia (Beni) |
Mosetén |
Traditional tribal religion[48] |
Tsimshian |
Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic[note 1] |
Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska) |
Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw |
Alaskan Native religion |
Tsonga |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga |
Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Tsuut'ina |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tsuut'ina |
Canada (Alberta) |
|
Christianity, Native American religion |
Tswana |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana |
Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland) |
Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong |
Christianity |
Tuamotuans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan |
France (Tuamotus) |
|
Christianity |
Tumbuka |
Niger-Congo → Bantu → Tumbuka |
Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe |
Senga, Henga, Yombe, Phoka, Tonga |
Christianity, Tumbuka mythology |
Tunica-Biloxi |
Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French;[49] Tunica language; historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi |
United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation) |
Biloxi, Tunica |
Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Native American religion[50] |
Tupuri |
Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri |
Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi) |
|
Christianity |
Turkana |
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana |
Kenya (Turkanaland) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Tuscarora |
Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora |
Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina) |
|
Longhouse Religion, Christianity[51] |
Tutchones |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone[note 1] |
Canada (Yukon Territory) |
Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones |
Native American religion |
Tutsi |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 21] |
Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) |
Banyamulenge |
Christianity, Islam |
Tuvaluans |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan |
Tuvalu |
|
Christianity |
Umatilla |
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla |
United States (Oregon) |
|
Native American religion |
Upper Kuskokwim |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim |
United States (Interior Alaska) |
|
Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
Urhobos |
Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo |
Nigeria (Delta State) |
|
Christianity |
Ute |
Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute |
United States (Colorado, Utah) |
|
Native American Church, Christianity |
Venda |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda |
South Africa (Vendaland) |
|
Christianity, Traditional African religions |
Walla Walla |
Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla |
United States (Oregon, Washington) |
|
Waashat Religion |
Wallisians |
Austronesian → Polynesian → Wallisian |
France (Wallis and Futuna) |
|
Christianity |
Wampanoag |
Algic → Algonquian → Wampanoag |
United States (Massachusetts) |
Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) |
Native American religion, Christianity |
Warlpiris |
Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Warlpiri, Indo-European and Pama–Nyungan → Warlpiri and Australian Kriol → Light Warlpiri |
Australia (Northern Territory) |
|
Dreamtime |
Waropen |
Austronesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Waropen |
Indonesia (Waropen Regency) |
|
Christianity |
Washoe |
Washo[note 36] |
United States (California, Nevada) |
|
Native American religion |
Wassamasaw |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism[52] |
Wayuu |
Arawakan → Wayuunaiki |
Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela |
|
Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism |
Welayta |
Afroasiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta |
Ethiopia (Wolayitia) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay |
Wichita |
Caddoan → Wichita[note 5] |
United States (Oklahoma; formerly Kansas, Texas) |
|
Native American Church, Christianity, Native American religion |
Wiradjuri |
Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Wiradjuri |
Australia (New South Wales) |
|
Dreamtime |
Wolane |
Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane |
Ethiopia (Gurage) |
|
Islam[53] |
Wolof |
Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof |
Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia) |
Lebu |
Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride |
Worrorra |
Worrorran → Worrrorra |
Australia (Western Australia) |
|
Dreamtime |
Wunambal |
Worrorran → Wunambal |
Australia (Western Australia) |
|
Dreamtime |
Wuikinuxv |
Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala |
Canada (British Columbia) |
|
Native American religion |
Xavante |
Macro-Je → Je → Xavante |
Brazil (Mato Grosso) |
|
Shamanism |
Xerente |
Macro-Je → Je → Xerente |
Brazil (Tocantins) |
|
Christianity and traditional folk religion → Folk Catholicism[54] |
Xhosa |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa |
South Africa (Xhosaland) |
|
Christianity |
Xinca |
Xincan[note 1] |
Guatemala |
|
Christianity → Catholicism; Native American religion |
Xokleng |
Macro-Je → Je → Xokleng |
Brazil (Santa Catarina) |
|
Shamanism[55] |
Yahgan |
Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |
Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) |
|
Christianity → Protestantism |
Yako |
Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako |
Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government) |
|
Christianity |
Yali |
Trans-New Guinea → Yali |
Indonesia (Baliem Valley) |
|
Christianity, Animism |
Yanomami |
Yanomaman |
Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil |
|
Shamanism |
Yao |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao |
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions) |
|
Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam |
Yapese |
Austronesian → Oceanic → Yapese |
Federated States of Micronesia (Yap) |
|
Christianity |
Yaqui |
Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Yaqui |
Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona) |
|
Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism |
Yellowknives |
Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan |
Canada (Northwest Territories) |
|
Christianity |
Yoa-Lokpa |
Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa |
Benin (Donga Department) |
|
Ethnic religion[56] |
Yolngu |
Pama-Nyungan → Yolngu[note 1] |
Australia (Miwatj) |
Dhuwa (Rirratjingu, Galpu, Djambarrpuyngu, Golumala, Marrakulu, Marrangu, Djapu, Datiwuy, Ngaymil, Djarrwark), Yirritja (Gumatj, Gupapuyngu, Wangurri, Ritharrngu, Mangalili, Munyuku, Madarrpa, Warramiri, Dhalwangu, Liyalanmirri) |
Alcheringa |
Yoruba |
Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Yoruba; Yoruba Sign |
Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) |
Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada |
Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion |
Yuchi |
Yuchi language |
United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)[note 6] |
|
Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism; Stomp Dance; Native American Church[57] |
Yugambeh |
Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh |
Australia (Queensland) |
|
Alcheringa |
Yup'ik |
Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik |
United States (Alaska) |
Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik |
Christianity, Shamanism |
Zaghawa |
Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa |
Chad, Sudan |
|
Islam → Sunni Islam |
Zande[note 37][58] |
Niger–Congo → Zande |
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan |
Barambu |
Christianity |
Zapotecs |
Oto-Manguean → Zapotec[note 1] |
Mexico (Oaxaca) |
Ixtlan |
Christianity → Catholicism |
Zonians |
Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English |
Panama (Panama Canal Zone) |
|
Christianity |
Zoque |
Mixe–Zoque → Zoque[note 1] |
Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco) |
|
Christianity → Catholicism |
Zoró |
Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná → Zoró |
Brazil (Mato Grosso) |
|
Christianity |
Zulu |
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu |
South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) |
Northern Ndebele |
Christianity |
Zuni |
Zuni language |
United States (New Mexico) |
|
Christianity |
ꞋAreꞌare |
Austronesian → Southeast Solomonic → ꞋAreꞌare |
Solomon Islands (Malaita) |
|
Christianity |
ǃKung |
Kxʼa → ǃKung[note 1] |
Namibia (Kalahari Desert) |
ǃXun, Ju |
Animism |