Loup languages

Loup is a term which refers to the Algonquian language varieties spoken in colonial New England as attested in the manuscripts of mid-eighteenth century French missionaries.^[1] It was attested in a notebook titled Mots loups (literally translating to "wolf words"), compiled by Jean-Claude Mathevet, a priest who worked among Algonquian peoples, composing of 124 pages.^[2] Loup ('Wolf') was a French colonial ethnographic term, and usage was inconsistent. In modern literature, Loup A refers to the varieties described by Mathevet, and Loup B refers to those described by François-Auguste Magon de Terlaye.^[1]

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Quick Facts Pronunciation, Native to ...

Loup
Nipmuck
Pronunciation	[lu] loo
Native to	United States
Region	Massachusetts, Connecticut
Ethnicity	likely Nipmuck
Extinct	18th century
Language family	Algic Algonquian Eastern Algonquian Loup
Writing system	transcribed with Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `xlo` – Loup A `xlb` – Loup B
Linguist List	`xlo` Loup A
	`xlb` Loup B
Glottolog	`loup1243` Nipmuck `loup1245` Loup B

Linguist Ives Goddard identified three distinct language varieties each attested in the Loup A and Loup B manuscripts. The languages of Loup A are referred to as Loup 1, Loup 2, and Loup 3; the languages of Loup B are referred to as Loup 4, Loup 5, and Loup 6. According to Goddard, Loup 3 and Loup 4 are the same language.^[1]

On the basis of morphophonological comparisons with other Algonquian languages and ethnogeographic context, Goddard identifies the five Loup languages with particular bands of the Pocumtuck Confederacy:^[1]

Nipmuck (Loup 1)
Norwottuck (Loup 2)
Pocumtuck (Loup 3 and 4)
Woromco (Loup 5)
Pojassick (Loup 6)

	Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal/ Postalveolar	Velar		Glottal
	Bilabial	plain	pal.	Palatal/ Postalveolar	plain	lab.	Glottal
Nasal	m	n
Plosive	p	t	tʲ		k	(kʷ)
Affricate				tʃ
Fricative		s					h
Lateral		l
Approximant	w			j

	Front	Back
Close	i, iː	u
Mid	e	o, oː
Open	a, aː, ã

Classification

Phonology

References

External links

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