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President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz/; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He became president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, under whom he had served as the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas, Johnson also served as a U.S. representative and U.S. senator.
Lyndon B. Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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36th President of the United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President |
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Preceded by | John F. Kennedy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Richard Nixon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37th Vice President of the United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President | John F. Kennedy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Richard Nixon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Hubert Humphrey | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
United States Senator from Texas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1961 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | W. Lee O'Daniel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | William A. Blakley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 10th district | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office April 10, 1937 – January 3, 1949 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | James P. Buchanan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Homer Thornberry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Lyndon Baines Johnson August 27, 1908 Gillespie County, Texas, U.S. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | January 22, 1973 64) Gillespie County, Texas, U.S. | (aged||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resting place | Johnson Family Cemetery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | Democratic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Relatives |
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Education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Civilian awards | Presidential Medal of Freedom (posthumously, 1980) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | United States | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | United States Navy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years of service |
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Rank | Commander | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Military awards | Silver Star | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born in Stonewall, Texas, Johnson worked as a teacher and a congressional aide before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1937. In 1948, he was controversially declared the winner in the Democratic Party's primary for the 1948 Senate election in Texas and won the general election.[1] He became Senate majority whip in 1951, Senate Democratic leader in 1953 and majority leader in 1954. Senator Kennedy bested Johnson and his other rivals for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination before surprising many by offering to make Johnson his vice presidential running mate. The Kennedy–Johnson ticket won the general election. Vice President Johnson assumed the presidency in 1963, after President Kennedy was assassinated. The following year, Johnson was elected to the presidency in a landslide, winning the largest share of the popular vote for the Democratic Party in history, and the highest for any candidate since the advent of widespread popular elections in the 1820s.
Johnson's Great Society was aimed at expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, access to health care, aid to education and the arts, urban and rural development, and public services. He sought to create better living conditions for low-income Americans by spearheading the war on poverty. As part of these efforts, Johnson signed the Social Security Amendments of 1965, which resulted in the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. Johnson made the Apollo program a national priority; enacted the Higher Education Act of 1965, which established federally insured student loans; and signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which laid the groundwork for U.S. immigration policy today. Johnson's stance on civil rights put him at odds with other white, Southern Democrats. His civil rights legacy was shaped by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Due to his domestic agenda, Johnson's presidency marked the peak of modern American liberalism in the 20th century.[2] Johnson's foreign policy prioritized containment of communism, including in the ongoing Vietnam War.
Johnson began his presidency with near-universal support, but his approval declined throughout his presidency as the public became frustrated with both the Vietnam War and domestic unrest, including race riots in major cities and increasing crime. Johnson initially sought to run for re-election; however, following disappointing results in the New Hampshire primary he withdrew his candidacy. Johnson retired to his Texas ranch and died in 1973. Public opinion and academic assessments of Johnson's legacy have fluctuated greatly. Historians and scholars rank Johnson in the upper tier for his accomplishments regarding domestic policy. His administration passed many major laws that made substantial changes in civil rights, health care, welfare, and education. Conversely, Johnson is heavily criticized for his foreign policy, namely escalating American involvement in the Vietnam War.[3][4]
Lyndon Baines Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, near Stonewall, Texas, in a small farmhouse on the Pedernales River.[5] He was the eldest of five children born to Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines.[6][7] Johnson wasn't given a name until he was three months old, as his parents couldn't agree on a name that both liked. Finally, he was named after "criminal lawyer—a county lawyer" W. C. Linden, who his father liked; his mother agreed on the condition of spelling it as Lyndon.[8][9] Johnson had one brother, Sam Houston Johnson, and three sisters, Rebekah, Josefa, and Lucia.[10] Through his mother, he was a great-grandson of Baptist clergyman George Washington Baines.[11]
Johnson's paternal grandfather, Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr., was raised Baptist and for a time was a member of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). In his later years, Samuel Sr. became a Christadelphian; Samuel Jr. also joined the Christadelphian Church toward the end of his life.[12] Johnson was influenced in his positive attitude toward Jews by the religious beliefs that his family, especially his grandfather, had shared with him.[13]
Johnson grew up poor, with his father losing a great deal of money.