Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages

The Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages are a proposed macrofamily linking the Chimuan, Uru–Chipaya, and Mayan language families of the Americas. The macrofamily was proposed by Stark (1972).^[1] However, it has not gained widespread acceptance among linguists.

Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
Chimu–Chipayan
(controversial)
Geographic distribution	Peru and Central America
Linguistic classification	Proposed language family
Subdivisions	Chimuan Uru–Chipaya Mayan
Language codes
Glottolog	None

Classification

Stark's (1972) classification is as follows.^[1]

• Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
  • Mayan
  • Chimu–Chipayan
    • Uru–Chipaya
    • Chimuan
      • Yunga (Mochica)
      • Cañari–Puruhá
      • ? Sechura–Catacao (Tallán)

Tovar (1961),^[2] partly based on Schmidt (1926),^[3] adds Tallán (Sechura–Catacao) to Chimuan (which he calls Yunga-Puruhá). Tovar's (1961) classification below is cited from Stark (1972).^[1]

Lexical comparisons

Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga (Mochica), based on the following lexical comparisons.^[1]

gloss	Yunga	Uru–Chipaya	Proto-Mayan
to remember	kon-	khuñ-	*k(’)an
string (twisted)	pal	pari	*b’əl
flea	čuka	čowksmari	*k’əq
to kill	jum	kan	*kəm
fire	ox	uh	*q’aːq’
foot	xok	kxohča	*ʔoːq
to come	ta(n)-	thon-	*t̪əːl
(old) woman	šonøŋ	šon	*ʔišnam
beard	sap	sip(s)	*šob
white	šiku	sḳo ‘white, salty residue, on ground’	*saq
to spin thread	paṣ̌-	spahtš	*bač’
water	xa	kxaʔ	*həʔ
bone	ko¢ike	khoči	*b’a.q
to feel, hear	nøm-	non	*ʔabiy, *ʔubiy
sun, time, day	tuni	thuñi	*q’i.ŋ
father	ef	ehp	*mam, *tat
to want, love, present	pik-	pek	*q’an, *ʔax
ripe, old	čuk	čakwa	*yix
toad	xok	šḳoḳa	*š-k’yuk’y
to spin thread	paṣ̌-	spahtš	*š-bač’
jaw	kaŋ	škeña	*š-kahlam
cornfield		škala ~ ṣkala	*š-k’wal; *š-kol

See also

• Macro-Mayan languages