Beautiful woodpecker

The beautiful woodpecker (Melanerpes pulcher) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is endemic to Colombia.^[2]

Beautiful woodpecker
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Picidae
Genus:	Melanerpes
Species:	M. pulcher
Binomial name
Melanerpes pulcher Sclater, PL, 1870
Synonyms
Tripsurus pulcher

Taxonomy and systematics

From about the middle of the 20th century until early in the 21st century most taxonomic systems treated the beautiful woodpecker and the golden-naped woodpecker (M. chrysauchen) as conspecific. The combined species and several others were for a time placed in genus Tripsurus.^[3] The beautiful woodpecker is monotypic.^[2]

Adult male beautiful woodpecker

Description

The beautiful woodpecker is about 17 to 18 cm (6.7 to 7.1 in) long. The sexes are alike except for their head pattern. Adult males have a whitish forehead, a scarlet crown, and a golden yellow lower nape and hindneck. Adult females have the same whitish forehead and yellow hindneck but a black forecrown and a scarlet hindcrown and nape. Both sexes have black around the eye that extends down the side of the neck. Their lores, cheeks, chin, throat, and breast are white to cream or pale yellow. Their mantle and upper wings are mainly black, with some white barring of the flight feathers, and the back and rump are white, sometimes blotched with black. Their tail is brownish black, the lower breast, belly, and flanks are barred black and white, and there is a red patch on mid-belly. Their iris is very dark brown, the beak is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are gray. Juveniles are duller than adults, their black areas are browner, the underparts' barring is less contrasting, and the belly patch is smaller and more orange.^[4]

Distribution and habitat

The beautiful woodpecker is endemic to the valley of the Magdalena River in north central Colombia. It primarily inhabits mature open forests, both dry and humid. It sometimes occurs in plantations, and occasionally in fragmented and secondary forest. In elevation it ranges between 400 and 1,500 m (1,300 and 4,900 ft).^[4]

Behavior

Movement

The beautiful woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.^[4]

Feeding

The beautiful woodpecker mostly forages high in the forest, in the canopy and just below it. It feeds on insects including adult and larval wood-boring beetles and winged termites; it sometimes hawks flying insects above the tops of the trees. In addition to insects it feed on much fruit including figs, bananas, and fruits of the Cecropia tree.^[4]

Breeding

The beautiful woodpecker's breeding season is thought to be from February or March to June or July, but nothing else is known about its breeding biology.^[4]

Songs and calls Listen to beautiful woodpecker on xeno-canto

Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The beautiful woodpecker's most common call is "loud, rather squeaky, sometimes more guttural, [and] usually of 3 notes". It also makes "rattling trills" and a "churring call". Both sexes are believed to drum.^[4]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the beautiful woodpecker as being of Least Concern. Though it has a limited range and its population size is not known, the latter is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.^[1] The species "appears to be rather scarce and local throughout."^[4]