Michoacán Nahuatl

Michoacán Nahuatl is the name given to a variety of Nahuatl language spoken by the Nahua Michoacan on the Pacific Coast of Mexico in Michoacán. It is a dialect of Nahuatl, a language of the Uto-Aztecan family. It is the westernmost extant variant of this language, although the Uto-Aztecan family is spread further north, central, south and east. It has around 9,000 speakers which mainly reside in rural communities in the municipality of Aquila, primarily Pómaro and Maruata, in Michoacán de Ocampo,^[a] which coexist with the Purepecha language speakers.^{[citation needed]} The Michoacan Nahuatl is one of many Nahua dialects, notably with regard to the central dialects which include tl in certain words, usually Michoacan. For example, the word for "man" in Central Nahuatl is tlacatl, whereas in Michoacan Nahuatl it is lacal.^[2]: 37

Michoacán Nahuatl
Pómaro Nahuatl
Native to	Mexico
Region	Pómaro and Maruata, Aquila municipality, Michoacán
Native speakers	(3,000 cited 1990 census)[1]
Language family	Uto-Aztecan Aztecan (Nahuan) Nahuatl Western Peripheral Nahuatl Michoacán Nahuatl
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ncl
Glottolog	mich1245

Phonology

William Sischo provides the following set of phonemes for Michoacán Nahuatl, with the dialect of Pómaro as exemplar.^[3] Marginal phonemes are in parentheses.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

Consonants

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p (b)	t (d)			k, kʷ (g)	ʔ
Fricative			s	ʃ		h
Affricate			ts	tʃ
Lateral			l
Nasal	m		n	(ɲ)
Semivowel	w			j

Morphology

Michoacán Nahuatl exhibits a robust system of affixes on its nouns and verbs, including mixed forms that reflect contact with Spanish.

Nouns

The derivative suffix -ero, a borrowing from Spanish, indicates someone who is associated with a thing:^[3]: 329

masal-ero

deer-ASSOC

masal-ero

deer-ASSOC

'deer hunter'

mič-ero

fish-ASSOC

mič-ero

fish-ASSOC

'fisherman'

Syntax

Basic constituent order of the sentence tends to be subject - verb - object if the verb is transitive, and verb - subject if intransitive.^[3]: 313

Sischo proposes a neutral (i.e., non-emphatic) constituent order template supporting ditransitive sentences as in the table below.^[3]: 313 Of these, only the verb is required in a sentence.

	Introducer	Temporal	Particle	Subject	Particle	Verb	Adverb	Direct Object	Indirect Object
Details	conjunctions, subordinators		pues 'so, then'		amo 'not', ayamo 'not yet', yahmo 'no more', ma 'hortatory'		manner, location adverbial

Notes

1. ^a Sischo names four villages where the Michoacán Nahuatl was spoken as of 1979: Ostula, Coire, Pómaro, and San Pedro Naranjestil.^[3]: 311 In 2015, Sischo named Pómaro and "its rural nuclei" Maruata and Cachán as the only remaining locales where the variety was being learned by children.^[2]: 1