Mikołaj Bołtuć

Mikołaj Bołtuć (21 December 1893 in Saint Petersburg – 22 September 1939 near Łomianki) was a brigadier-general of the Polish Army, commander of the IV Polish infantry Division during World War II.

Mikołaj Bołtuć
Born	(1893-12-21)21 December 1893 Saint Petersburg
Died	22 September 1939(1939-09-22) (aged 45) Łomianki
Buried	Powązki Military Cemetery
Allegiance	Second Polish Republic
Branch	Russian Imperial Army Polish Armed Forces
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands	IV Polish infantry Division
Battles / wars	Second World War Battle of Łomianki Battle of Tuchola Forest
Awards	Virtuti Militari Polonia Restituta Cross of Valour Cross of Merit Medal for Long Service Order of the Crown of Romania 1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal

Early life

He was the son of Ignacy Bołtuć, General in the Russian Imperial Army of Polish noble descent, and his wife, Anna Łabuńska, of Rzeczyca.^[2]

Career

Bołtuć was enlisted in the Russian Cadet officers school in Omsk when he was seven.^{[citation needed]}

During World War I, Bołtuć served in the Imperial Russian Army. He fought with distinction in the Finnish Civil War in 1918. After the Bolshevik Revolution, he served as captain in the White Russian Army during the Russian Civil War until the evacuation of Odessa in which he commanded the last leaving vessel.

He returned to Poland and joined the Polish military. He commanded units near Kamieniec, Podolski and elsewhere. During the Soviet-Polish war of 1920, he commanded the unit Strzelcy Kaniowscy. Bołtuć, still a captain, commanded the defence of Zamość. Then he took Wyszków, the location of the puppet government organized by the Bolsheviks.

During the interwar period, he worked for the General Command and later held command functions in Wilno and Toruń. His nomination to the rank of general was held back for several years, in part because of his anti-religious attitude and his reservations about Poland's military spending patterns. He was known for clarity of judgment and leadership skills.^{[citation needed]}

During World War II, he commanded an Operation Group, a unit short of an army, within the Army Pomorze, the only Polish unit that entered German territory (in East Prussia) for two days during the September Campaign and withstood attacks of much larger German forces. The danger of being flanked forced Boltuc to withdraw to Modlin. When the Modlin Fortress could accept only his officers but not his soldiers, he let his soldiers be demobilised, but most refused to leave. He also encouraged volunteers to go with him to try to sneak through the German Siege of Warsaw. According to written family records, he said while he was leaving home before the war, "This is not the war we are going to win and I am not the kind of a soldier who would surrender".

On the morning of 22 September, he was killed at the Battle of Łomianki from sniper fire while he was leading the charge.

Most of his soldiers were buried at the Łomianki cemetery, near Warsaw. Boltuc's tomb, in a form of a field stone, is at the Powązki Military Cemetery, in Warsaw.

Promotions

• Kapitan (Captain) - 1917
• Major (Major) - 1919
• Podpułkownik (Lieutenant colonel) - 31 March 1924
• Pułkownik (Colonel) - 1 January 1928^[3]
• Generał brygady (Brigadier general) - 19 March 1939

Awards and decorations

• Golden Cross of Virtuti Militari (posthumously)
• Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari (1921)
• Commander's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta^[4]
• Officer's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta (27 November 1929)^[5]
• Cross of Valour (four times, last in 1922)^[6]
• Golden Cross of Merit ( 19 March 1937,^[7] 10 November 1938^[8])
• Commemorative Medal of War 1918-1921
• Medal of 10th Anniversary of Regained Independence
• Silver Medal for Long Service
• Bronze Medal for Long Service
• Commander's Cross of Order of the Star of Romania (Romania)
• 1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal