Mikulášovice

Mikulášovice (German: Nixdorf) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.

Mikulášovice
Town
Church of Saint Nicholas
Flag Coat of arms
Mikulášovice Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°57′56″N 14°21′28″E
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Ústí nad Labem
District	Děčín
First mentioned	1449
Government
• Mayor	Aleš Jandus
Area
• Total	25.85 km2 (9.98 sq mi)
Elevation	414 m (1,358 ft)
Population  (2025-01-01)[1]
• Total	2,092
• Density	81/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	407 79
Website	www.mikulasovice.cz

Administrative division

Mikulášovice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):^[2]

• Mikulášovice (1,890)
• Mikulášovičky (71)
• Salmov (28)
• Tomášov (9)

Geography

Mikulášovice is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of Děčín and 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Ústí nad Labem. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook, on the border with Germany, adjacent to the municipal territory of Sebnitz.

Mikulášovice lies in the Lusatian Highlands. The highest point is the mountain Tanečnice at 598 m (1,962 ft) above sea level. The town is situated in the elongated valley of the brook Mikulášovický potok.

History

The first written mention of Mikulášovice is from 1446. The village was founded in the 12th century. In the 18th century, it was already an industrial municipality with tradition in knives sharpening. In 1794, the production of knives began.^[3]

From 1938 to 1945 it was occupied by Germany, before it was liberated by Polish soldiers in May 1945 and restored to Czechoslovakia. In the final stages of World War II, in May 1945, the prisoners of the AL Bautzen subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, evacuated from Bautzen to Mikulášovice by the Germans, were liberated there by Polish soldiers.^[4]

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1869 5,787 —     1880 6,449 +11.4% 1890 6,704 +4.0% 1900 7,109 +6.0% 1910 7,665 +7.8%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 6,640 −13.4% 1930 6,755 +1.7% 1950 3,044 −54.9% 1961 2,741 −10.0% 1970 2,631 −4.0%	Year Pop. ±% 1980 2,747 +4.4% 1991 2,546 −7.3% 2001 2,397 −5.9% 2011 2,151 −10.3% 2021 1,998 −7.1%
Source: Censuses[5][6]

Economy

The company Mikov, producing the popular knife Rybička, has its seat in Mikulášovice.

Transport

The town is served by three train stations. The station Mikulášovice dolní nádraží on the railway line Děčín–Rumburk is located just behind the municipal border. The stations Mikulášovice horní nádraží and Mikulášovice střed are on the line Rumburk–Mikulášovice dolní nádraží, but trains run on it only on weekends and holidays during the summer season.^[7]

Sights

Observation tower on Tanečnice

The main landmark of Mikulášovice is the Church of Saint Nicholas. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1750–1751.^[8]

On the Tanečnice hill is an eponymous observation tower. The first wooden observation tower was built here in 1885. The current stone tower dates from 1905. It is 26 m (85 ft) high.^[9]

Notable people

• Franz Dittrich (1815–1859), pathologist
• Anni Frind (1900–1987), soprano opera singer
• Oskar Schäfer (1921–2011), Knight's Cross holder

Gallery

• 
  Town hall and Church of Saint Nicholas
• 
  Church of the Ascension of Jesus