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Miniature pig
Small domestic pig From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A miniature pig, minipig or micro-pig is a breed of domestic pig characterised by its unusually small size. Some miniature pigs – such as the Cerdo Cuino of Mexico, the Lon I of Vietnam, the Ras-n-Lansa of Guam in the Marianas Islands and the Wuzhishan of Hainan Island in China – are traditional breeds of those areas.[1]: 238 [2]: 714 Many others have been selectively bred since the mid-twentieth century specifically for laboratory use in biomedical research; among these are the Clawn and the Ohmini of Japan, the Czech Minipig, the German Göttingen Minipig, the Lao-Sung of Taiwan, the Russian Minisib, the extinct Minnesota Miniature of the United States and the Westran of Australia.[3]: 7 Some minipigs have been bred to be marketed as companion animals.[2]: 652
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Miniature pigs generally reach their full size in about four years, and may live for up to fifteen. Some may reach a height of 50 cm (20 in) at the shoulder and a body length of 100 cm (40 in).[4]
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History
Selective breeding of pigs for small size was begun at the Hormel Institute of the University of Minnesota in 1949 from a stock of Piney Woods, Guinea Hog and wild boar from the United States and Ras-n-lansa from Guam, leading to the development of the Minnesota Miniature.[5][6]
In the 1960s some pigs of the traditional Vietnamese Lon I breed were imported to western Europe for exhibition in zoos; some of these were later taken to North America, where they contributed to the development of the Vietnamese Pot-bellied type.[7]: 68
From the late 1960s, researchers at the Institut für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik or Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the University of Göttingen in Lower Saxony cross-bred these Vietnamese pigs with Minnesota Miniature and German Landrace stock to produce the Göttingen Minipig.[8]
Pigs of this kind were later used for medical research in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, pulmonology, cardiology, aging, and as a source of organs for organ transplantation.[9]
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Use
Miniature pigs have been used for medical research, including toxicology, pharmacology, experimental surgery, pulmonology, cardiology, xenotransplantation, orthopedic procedures[10] and aging studies. Mini pigs are mainly used for biochemical, anatomical, and physiological similarities to humans. They are also quick to develop, making it easier to breed and have more genomic background compared to other animal models of toxicology. Today, more than 60,000 pigs are used for scientific research.[11][12][13] For example, scientists are working on studying the possibility of utilizing pig hearts for human heart organ transplants, and work has been done to genetically modify the tissues of pigs to be accepted by the human immune system.[14]
Miniature pigs are occasionally kept as companion animals, and some have been bred specifically to be marketed for this purpose.[2]: 652
Pigs have been used in various types of animal-assisted therapy.[15][16][17][18][19][20]
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Breeds
Summarize
Perspective
Among the traditional breeds of very small pig are the following:
Among the modern breeds created specifically for laboratory use are the following:
References
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