| Order | Minister | Party | Prime Minister | Title | Term start | Term end | Term in office | 
|---|
| 1 | Jack Holloway |  | Labor | Scullin | Assistant Minister for Industry, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research | 3 March 1931 | 12 June 1931 | 101 days | 
|  | 
| 2 | Alexander McLachlan |  | United Australia | Lyons | Minister in charge of Development and Scientific and Industrial Research | 6 January 1932 | 29 November 1937 | 5 years, 327 days | 
| 3 | Richard Casey |  | 29 November 1937 | 7 November 1938 | 343 days | 
|  | 
| 4 | Henry Gullett |  | United Australia | Menzies | Minister in charge of Scientific and Industrial Research | 14 March 1940 | 13 August 1940 | 121 days | 
| 5 | Herbert Collett |  | 14 August 1940 | 28 October 1940 | 44 days | 
| 6 | Harold Holt |  | 28 October 1940 | 28 August 1941 | 304 days | 
|  | 
| 7 | John Dedman |  | Labor | Curtin | Minister in charge of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research | 7 October 1941 | 6 July 1945 | 8 years, 73 days | 
|  | Forde | 6 July 1945 | 13 July 1945 | 
|  | Chifley | 13 July 1945 | 19 December 1949 | 
|  | 
| (3) | Richard Casey |  | Liberal | Menzies | Minister in charge of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | 23 March 1950 | 4 February 1960 | 9 years, 318 days | 
| 8 | Donald Cameron |  | 4 February 1960 | 22 December 1961 | 1 year, 322 days | 
| 9 | Robert Menzies |  | 22 December 1961 | 16 February 1962 | 56 days | 
| 10 | John Gorton |  | 16 February 1962 | 18 December 1963 | 6 years, 2 days | 
|  | Minister in charge of Commonwealth Activities in Education and Research under the Prime Minister | 18 December 1963 | 21 January 1966 | 
|  | Holt | 26 January 1966 | 14 December 1966 | 
|  | Minister for Education and Science | 14 December 1966 | 19 December 1967 | 
|  | McEwen | 19 December 1967 | 10 January 1968 | 
|  | Gorton | 10 January 1968 | 28 February 1968 | 
| 11 | Malcolm Fraser |  | 28 February 1968 | 12 November 1969 | 1 year, 257 days | 
| 12 | Nigel Bowen |  | 12 November 1969 | 10 March 1971 | 495 days | 
|  | McMahon | 10 March 1971 | 22 March 1971 | 
| 13 | David Fairbairn |  | 22 March 1971 | 20 August 1971 | 161 days | 
| (11) | Malcolm Fraser |  | 20 August 1971 | 5 December 1972 | 1 year, 107 days | 
| 14 | Gough Whitlam |  | Labor | Whitlam | 5 December 1972 | 19 December 1972 | 14 days | 
| 15 | Bill Morrison |  | Minister for Science | 19 December 1972 | 6 June 1975 | 2 years, 169 days | 
|  | Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs | 6 June 1975 | 6 June 1975 | 
| 16 | Clyde Cameron |  | 6 June 1975 | 11 November 1975 | 158 days | 
| 17 | Bob Cotton |  | Liberal | Fraser | 11 November 1975 | 22 December 1975 | 158 days | 
| 18 | James Webster |  | National Country | Minister for Science | 22 December 1975 | 5 December 1978 | 3 years, 351 days | 
|  | Minister for Science and the Environment | 5 December 1978 | 8 December 1979 | 
| 19 | David Thomson |  | 8 December 1979 | 3 November 1980 | 3 years, 93 days | 
|  | Minister for Science and Technology | 3 November 1980 | 16 October 1982 | 
|  | National | 16 October 1982 | 11 March 1983 | 
| 20 | Barry Jones |  | Labor | Hawke | 11 March 1983 | 13 December 1984 | 7 years, 24 days | 
|  | Minister for Science | 13 December 1984 | 24 July 1987 | 
|  | Minister for Science and Small Business | 24 July 1987 | 19 January 1988 | 
|  | Minister for Science, Customs and Small Business | 19 January 1988 | 4 April 1990 | 
| 21 | Simon Crean |  | Minister for Science and Technology | 4 April 1990 | 4 June 1991 | 1 year, 61 days | 
| 22 | Ross Free |  | 4 June 1991 | 20 December 1991 | 2 years, 293 days | 
|  | Keating | 20 December 1991 | 24 March 1993 | 
| 23 | Chris Schacht |  | Minister for Science and Small Business | 24 March 1993 | 25 March 1994 | 1 year, 1 day | 
| 24 | Peter Cook |  | Minister for Science and Small Business | 25 March 1994 | 11 March 1996 | 1 year, 352 days | 
| 25 | Peter McGauran |  | National | Howard | Minister for Science and Technology | 11 March 1996 | 26 September 1997 | 1 year, 199 days | 
| 26 | John Moore |  | Liberal | Minister for Industry, Science and Tourism | 11 March 1996 | 21 October 1998 | 2 years, 224 days | 
| 27 | Nick Minchin |  | Minister for Industry, Science and Resources | 21 October 1998 | 26 November 2001 | 3 years, 36 days | 
| (25) | Peter McGauran |  | National | Minister for Science | 26 November 2001 | 22 October 2004 | 2 years, 331 days | 
| 26 | Brendan Nelson |  | Liberal | Minister for Education, Science and Training | 22 October 2004 | 27 January 2006 | 1 year, 97 days | 
| 27 | Julie Bishop |  | 27 January 2006 | 3 December 2007 | 1 year, 310 days | 
| 28 | Kim Carr |  | Labor | Rudd | Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research | 3 December 2007 | 24 June 2010 | 4 years, 11 days | 
|  | Gillard | 24 June 2010 | 14 December 2011 | 
| 29 | Chris Evans |  | Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research | 14 December 2011 | 2 February 2013 | 1 year, 50 days | 
| 30 | Chris Bowen |  | 2 February 2013 | 22 March 2013 | 48 days | 
| 31 | Craig Emerson |  | 25 March 2013 | 26 June 2013 | 93 days | 
| (28) | Kim Carr |  | Rudd | Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research | 26 June 2013 | 18 September 2013 | 145 days | 
|  | 
| 32 | Ian Macfarlane |  | Liberal | Abbott | Minister for Industry and Science | 23 December 2014 (2014-12-23) | 15 September 2015 | 272 days | 
|  | Turnbull | 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) | 21 September 2015 | 
| 33 | Christopher Pyne |  | Minister for Industry, Innovation and Science | 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) | 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) | 302 days | 
| 34 | Greg Hunt |  | 19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) | 24 January 2017 (2017-01-24) | 189 days | 
| 35 | Arthur Sinodinos |  | 24 January 2017 (2017-01-24) | 20 December 2017 (2017-12-20) | 330 days | 
|  | 
| 36 | Karen Andrews |  | Liberal | Morrison | Minister for Industry, Science and Technology | 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28) | 30 March 2021 (2021-03-30) | 2 years, 214 days | 
| 37 | Christian Porter | 30 March 2021 (2021-03-30) | 19 September 2021 (2021-09-19) | 173 days | 
| 38 | Melissa Price | Minister for Science and Technology | 8 October 2021 (2021-10-08) | 23 May 2022 (2022-05-23) | 227 days | 
| 39 | Ed Husic |  | Labor | Albanese | Minister for Industry and Science | 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01) | 13 May 2025 (2025-05-13) | 2 years, 346 days | 
| 40 | Tim Ayres | Minister for Science | 13 May 2025 (2025-05-13) | incumbent | 159 days |