Movimiento Español Sindicalista

The Movimiento Español Sindicalista (MES) (English: Spanish Syndicalist Movement) was a Spanish far-right political movement and predecessor of the Falange Española.^[1][2]

Spanish Syndicalist Movement Movimiento Español Sindicalista
Abbreviation	MES
Leader	José Antonio Primo de Rivera
Founder	José Antonio Primo de Rivera Rafael Sánchez Mazas Julio Ruiz de Alda
Founded	20 April 1933
Dissolved	29 October 1933
Succeeded by	Falange Española
Ideology	National syndicalism
Political position	Far-right
Religion	Catholicism
Politics of Spain Political parties Elections

History

The movement, which emerged in early 1933,^[3][4] was founded primarily by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, writer Rafael Sánchez Mazas, and aviator Julio Ruiz de Alda.^[5] Other notable members of the MES were Dionisio Ridruejo,^[6] Alfonso García Valdecasas, Manuel Sarrión, and Andrés de la Cuerda.^[3] Members of the MES openly embraced fascism and for a time the movement was known as the Movimiento Español Sindicalista-Fascismo Español (MES-FE, or Spanish Syndicalist-Fascist Movement).^[7][8] It soon became apparent that the MES was to have little political success on its own.^[3][9]

In August 1933, José Antonio Primo de Rivera signed the "Pacto de El Escorial" ("El Escorial Pact"), wherein a pact of solidarity was formed between Spanish monarchists and the MES-FE.^[1] On 29 October 1933, in the midst of an electoral campaign, the MES held a rally at the Teatro de la Comedia in Madrid and re-founded itself as the Falange Española.^[10] The Falange Española would be succeeded by the Falange Española de las JONS, which was itself merged in April 1937 into the FET y de las JONS, which backed Francisco Franco as leader of Spain.