Yareban languages

The Yareban or Musa River languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken near the Musa River in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Yareban
Musa River
Geographic distribution	Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Oro Province
Linguistic classification	Trans–New Guinea Papuan Peninsula Owen Stanley Range[1] Mailu–Yareban Yareban
Language codes
Glottolog	yare1250

Languages

The languages are,

• Moikodi (Doriri)
• Aneme Wake (Abia)
• Barijian: Bariji, Nawaru (Sirio)
• Yareba

Barijian is suggested by lexicostatistics in Dutton (1971).

The only pronouns which are known in enough languages to reconstruct are na 1sg and a 2sg, which are common to all Yareban languages.

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:^[2]

*m	*n
*pʰ	*tʰ	[*s]	*kʰ	*ʔ
*b	*d	[*dz]	[*g]
*w	*ɾ	*j

*s and *dz were acquired through loans, but may have already been present in the protolanguage. *ʔ and *g may have been allophones.

Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:^[2]

	sg	du	pl
1excl	*na		*ewa
1incl		*uwa	*i[j]a
2	*a		*ja
3	*dawa		*ema(wa)

Basic vocabulary

Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:^[2]

gloss	Proto-Musa River
head	*bo-tai
hair/feather	*idi
ear	*ome
eye	*nai-tai
nose	*iboʔo
tooth	*ni[ʔ]o
tongue	*meana
foot/leg	*buɾi
blood/salt	*iwa
bone	*tai
skin/bark	*ope
breast	*ama
louse	*uʔa
dog	*kua
pig	*boɾo
bird	*gasiɾa; *ada
egg	*baka; *uɾimi
tree	*ana
man/person	*e[ʔe]me
woman/wife	*aweta
sun	*eweaka
moon	*maɾabe; *sakaɾa
water	*adua
fire	*inaʔa
stone	*oma; *gebiɾo
path	*daʔaba
name	*ibi
eat/drink	*it-
one	*demu

Evolution

Yareban reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:^[3]

Yareba language:

• ama ‘breast’ < *amu
• uyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
• rarara ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
• baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
• iji ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
• ifu ‘name’ < *imbi
• kofiti ‘head’ < *kV(mb,p)(i,u)tu
• ogo ‘water’ < *ok[V]
• eme ‘man’ < *ambi

Abia language:

• amai ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
• sagai ‘sand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ