Flowing (1956 film)

Flowing (流れる, Nagareru) is a 1956 Japanese drama film directed by Mikio Naruse. It is based on the novel Nagareru by Aya Kōda.^[3]

Flowing
Japanese theatrical release poster
Kanji	流れる
Directed by	Mikio Naruse
Written by	Toshirō Ide Sumie Tanaka Aya Kōda (novel)
Produced by	Sanezumi Fujimoto
Starring	Hideko Takamine Isuzu Yamada Mariko Okada Sumiko Kurishima Haruko Sugimura Kinuyo Tanaka
Cinematography	Masao Tamai
Edited by	Eiji Ooi
Music by	Ichirō Saitō
Production company	Toho
Distributed by	Toho
Release date	20 November 1956 (1956-11-20) (Japan)[1][2]
Running time	116 minutes[1][2]
Country	Japan
Language	Japanese

Plot

Widow Rika starts working as a maid in the okiya (geisha lodging house) of geisha Otsuta, who lives with her daughter Katsuyo, her younger sister Yoneko and Yoneko's child, and geisha Nanako. Of the seven geisha who once worked for Otsuta, only Nanako and Someka are left; a third girl, Namie, has just run away, convinced that she has been tricked out of her share. Otsuta's older sister Otoyo tries to pressure Otsuta into finding a financially secured husband to pay back the loans on the house which the two of them mortgaged together. Ohama, a former geisha sister of Otsuta, tries to help by making contact between her and her nephew's employer Hanayama, a former patron of Otsuta. The situation tightens when Namie's uncle shows up, demanding the money which he thinks his niece is entitled to. Otsuta tries to compensate him with 50,000 yen, half of Hanayama's onetime donation, but he refuses and goes to the police instead, resulting in the questioning of Otsuta and Katsuyo. Eventually Ohama pays for Otsuta's mortgaged house, but only to move the Tsuta House out and open her own restaurant instead. She offers Rika an employment in her future business, but Rika declines. In the final scene, Rika, instructed not to tell anyone of Ohama's plans, watches the unknowing Otsuta giving music lessons to apprentices.

Cast

• Kinuyo Tanaka as Rika, called Oharu
• Isuzu Yamada as Otsuta
• Hideko Takamine as Katsuyo, Otsuta's daughter
• Mariko Okada as Nanako
• Haruko Sugimura as Someka
• Sumiko Kurishima as Ohama
• Chieko Nakakita as Yoneko, Otsuta's younger sister
• Natsuko Kahara as Otoyo, Otsuta's older sister
• Seiji Miyaguchi as Namie's uncle
• Daisuke Katō as Yoneko's ex-husband
• Chiyo Izumi as Namie
• Nobuo Nakamura as doctor
• Noboru Nakaya as Saeki, Ohama's nephew

Book and film

Aya Kōda's novel, which had been published one year prior to the film's release, described the events mainly from the perspective of Rika/Oharu, an educated woman, other than the rather simple character portrayed by Kinuyo Tanaka in the film. Also, the film enlarged the role of Katsuyo, thereby presenting two outside views onto the geisha milieu. Again, the ending differs in book and film: In the book, Rika accepts the offer to manage Otsatu's former house once the women have been removed.^[3]

For her book, Kōda had used her own experiences she had made while working as a maid in a geisha house in Tokyo's Yanagibashi district in the early 1950s.^[4]

Release

Flowing was released in Japan on 20 November 1956.^[1][2] An English subtitle version was released in the United States on 13 May 1978.^[5]

Legacy

Flowing was screened at the Museum of Modern Art in 1985^[6] and at the Harvard Film Archive in 2005^[7] as part of their retrospectives on Mikio Naruse.

Awards

Isuzu Yamada received the 1956 Blue Ribbon Award for Best Actress, the 1956 Mainichi Film Concours For Best Actress (for Flowing, A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women and Boshizō),^[8][9] and the 1956 Kinema Junpo Award for Best Actress (for Flowing and A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women).^[10]