List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.322

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.322 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked box lutes or necked guitars.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument

321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (lutes)

321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)

321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)

321.322 : Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (necked box lutes)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on the method used to cause the strings to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

List

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
bandurria	Spain	321.322	Flatback bandurria is box lute. Roundback bandurria is bowl lute.
bouzouki, Irish	Ireland	321.322	An Irish variant of the Greek bouzouki, with a flat rather than bowl-shaped back
cuatro[1]	Colombia and Venezuela	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings
cuatro[2]	Puerto Rico	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings (ten, in five courses of two)
dotara[3]	Bangladesh	321.322	Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin
drejelire[4]	Sweden	321.322-72	Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound
dutar[5]	Turkmenistan	321.322	Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked
fiddle violin		321.322-71
guitar		321.322[6]	Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides
guitar, Portuguese[7]	Portugal	321.322	Fretted 12-stringed (in 6 courses) instrument with a hollow body
Hardingfele[8][9] Hardanger fiddle	Norway	321.322-71	Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow
mandola	European	321.322	Originally a bowlback, but modern flatbacks exist too
mandole mandole, mondol	Music of Algeria, Music of Morocco, Chaabi music, Music of Kabyle people, Andalusian classical music, Andalusi nubah, Nuubaat	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, 4 courses/8 strings or 5 courses/10 strings or 6 courses/12 strings. Flat soundboard and flatback.
mandolin[10] bandolim	Europe, has spread worldwide	321.322	Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, the types belonging to this category have a flat, carved, or canted soundboard and flat or carved back
merlin M4	Canada	321.322	Fretted guitar-shaped musical instrument with four strings, tuned diatonically
nyckelharpa[11]	Sweden	321.322-71	Bowed keyed fiddle
suroz[12]	Balochs	321.322	Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically
tiple[13] Tiple Colombiano	Colombia	321.322	Guitar-like instrument with a neck and four courses of three strings each
tres[14]	Cuba	321.322	Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each
ukulele[15] uke	Hawaii	321.322	String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires chords on a ukuleleⓘ
vihuela[16] viola da mano (Italian/Portuguese)	Spain, Portugal, Italy	321.322	Most commonly twelve-stringed, arranged in six courses
viol[6]		321.322-71
violin[6]		321.322-71
waldzither[6]	Germany	321.322	mandola-like lute with nine steel strings
yueqin moon guitar, moon lute, gekkin, laqin	China	321.322	Two varieties: a round moon-shaped lute with four strings and a short neck, played with a plectrum, common in Northern China, and a variety with a longer neck found in Taiwan

References

• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
• Wade, Graham (2001). A Concise History of the Classic Guitar. Mel Bay Publications. ISBN 978-0-7866-4978-5.