The following comparative 100-word Swadesh list of the Newaric languages Baram, Thami (Thangmi), and Newar, along with Chepang is from Kansakar, et al. (2011: 220–223).[1]
More information English gloss, Baram ...
| English gloss | Baram | Thami | Newar | Chepang |
|---|
| I |
ŋa | gai | ji | ŋa |
| you |
naŋ | naŋ | cʰə, cʰi | naŋ |
| we |
ni | ni | jʰi:, jipĩ | ni, ŋi |
| this |
yo | ka | tʰwə | ʔiʔ |
| that |
u, to | to | wə | ʔowʔ, ʔuwʔ |
| who |
su | su | su | su |
| what |
hai | hara | cʰu | doh |
| not |
ma- | ma- | mə-, -mə- | -la, -ma |
| all |
səpəi (< Nep.) | sakale | pʰukkə, dakkwə | juda, ʔanə |
| many |
dʰerəi (< Nep.) | ahe | ye-kwə | ʔa.nə |
| one |
de | di | cʰə-gu | yat |
| two |
nis | nis | nyi-gu | nis |
| large |
alam | jekʰa | tə:dʰə̃: | taŋh-ʔo |
| long |
alam | ələmga | tahakə: | gyaŋ-ʔo |
| small |
ikine | ucya | cidʰi:, cidʰə:̃ | mi-ʔo |
| woman |
mama | camaica | misa | nom-coʔ |
| man |
papa | mi | mijə̃ | goy-coʔ |
| person |
bal | mi | mənu | manta, coʔ |
| fish |
nəŋa | naŋa | nya | ŋaʔ |
| bird |
jyali, wa (hen) | ḍaŋaṇeŋ, wa (hen) | jʰə̃gə: | waʔ |
| dog |
akya | kucu | kʰyica | kuyʔ |
| louse |
kʰat | sirik | syi | kras, srəyk |
| tree |
seŋma | seŋ | syi-ma | siŋʔ |
| seed |
ayu | puya | pusa | sayʔ |
| leaf |
su/hola | aja | ləpte, hə: | lo, mat |
| root |
jəra (< Nep.) | nara | ha | rut, goyʔ |
| bark |
bokra (< Nep.) | sebu (skin) | kʰwəla | pun |
| skin |
cʰala (< Nep.) | sebi | cʰẽgu | pun |
| meat |
kusya | cici | la | mayʔ |
| blood |
cihwui | cwoi, cəi | hi | wəyʔ |
| bone |
hoṭ | kʰosa | kwəẽ | hrus |
| fat |
ucʰo | cʰyəu, cyou | da: | cʰaw |
| egg |
wohom, wom | ahum, wom | kʰẽ: | ʔum |
| horn |
uyuŋ | naru | nyeku | roŋʔ |
| tail |
pitik | limek | nʰipyə̃: | meʔ |
| feather |
pwãkʰ (< Nep.) | - | pəpu | meʔ, pʰeh |
| hair |
syam | sam | sə̃: | myaŋ |
| head |
kəpu | kapu | cʰyə̃: | ta.laŋ |
| ear |
kuna | kunla | nʰaepə̃ | no |
| eye |
mik | mesek | mikʰa | mik |
| nose |
cina | ciŋa | nʰae | neh |
| mouth |
anam | ugo | mʰutu | hmo.toŋ |
| teeth |
swa | suwa | wa | syək, səyk |
| tongue |
cele | cile | mye | le |
| nail |
luŋjiŋ, ləgjuŋ | pin | lusyi | sən |
| leg |
unjik | konṭe, ulaŋ | tuti | dom |
| knee |
gʰũḍa (< Nep.) | pokolek | puli | kryoŋ |
| hand |
hit | lak | lʰa: | krut |
| abdomen |
uyaŋ | baŋkal, guŋguŋ | pwa: | tuk |
| throat |
gʰãṭi (< Nep.) | kaṇṭu | gəpə: | kəyk |
| breast |
nənu | nunu | duru-pwə | ʔoh |
| heart |
muṭu | loŋsek | nugə | hluŋ |
| liver |
kəlejo (< Nep.) | - | syẽ | sinh |
| drink |
syaŋ-go | tun-sa | twəne, twənə | tuŋʔ-na |
| eat |
ca-go | cya-sa | nələ, nəye | jeʔ-na |
| bite |
aŋak-ko | cek-sa | nyatə, wã nyaye | ŋawh-na |
| look |
ayo-go, ni-go | yo-sa | kʰənə, kʰəne | yo-na, cewʔ-na |
| hear |
səi-go | na-sai-sa | talə, taye | sayʔ-na |
| know |
ra-go, cigo | sai-sa | silə, syiye | ci-na |
| sleep |
nu-go | ammi-sa | denə, dene | ʔenʔ-sa |
| die |
si-go | si-sa | sitə, syie | si-sa |
| kill |
sat-ko | sat-sa | syatə, syae | sat-sa |
| swim |
pəuri bəne-go (< Nep.) | lampasa | lalkalə/kaye | laʔ-na, kwelh-na |
| fly |
uble-go | per-sa | bwələ, bwəye | syuŋ-na |
| walk |
jyo-go, ya-go (go) | cawa-sa, ajyaca | nya:se, wənə, wəye | wah-na |
| arrive |
hyuŋcelgo | kelet-sa | wələ, jʰalə | waŋ-na |
| lie |
na-go | ami-sa | mu:pulə, | ʔenʔ-na |
| sit |
huk-ko | hok-sa | dilə, pʰetuye | cuŋʔ-na |
| stand |
ṭʰiŋ-go | tʰeŋ-sa | dənə, dane | ciŋ-na |
| give |
pi-go | pi-sa | bila, biye | bəyʔ-na, hla-na |
| say |
da-go | ŋa-sa, isdu | dʰalə, dʰaye | dayh-na |
| sun |
uni | uni | surdyə: | nyam |
| moon |
cəlauni | cəlauni | timila | lah |
| star |
tara (< Nep.) | ucʰi | nəu, nəgu | kar |
| water |
awa | paŋku | lə: | tiʔ |
| rain |
aŋmət | yudu | wa | tiʔ, waʔ-ʔo |
| stone |
kumba | lyuŋ, liŋ | lwəhã | baŋ |
| sand |
- | - | pʰi | - |
| earth |
nəsa | nasa | ca | saʔ |
| cloud |
amu | kʰasu | supãe | mus |
| smoke |
isku | asku | kũ | hmeʔ-ku |
| fire |
mui | me | mi | hmeʔ |
| ash |
mau | tarba | nəu | hmeʔ-mut |
| burn |
jo-go | jyou-sa | cyatə, cyaye | jʰəm-na |
| way/path |
uŋma | ulam | lã | lyam |
| mountain |
pahaḍ | cyuri (top) | gu | pa.har |
| red |
pʰəya | keret | hyãũ | du-ʔo |
| green |
həriyo (< Nep.) | - | wãũ | pli-ʔo |
| yellow |
keuwo | melu | mʰasu | yar-ʔo |
| white |
gyabo | ubo | tuyu: | bʰam-ʔo |
| black |
ciliŋ | kiji | haku | gal-ʔo |
| night |
rat (< Nep.) | ṭa | canʰəe, ca | ya. ʔdiŋ |
| hot |
gyodum | adum | kwa: | dʰah-ʔo |
| cool |
ciso (< Nep.) | ajik | kʰwaũ | nik-ʔo |
| full |
kipoŋ | ir-ir | ja: | bliŋ-ʔo |
| new |
kaui | naka | nʰu: | rəw-ʔo |
| good |
kisen | apraca | bʰĩ: | pe-ʔo |
| round |
golo (< Nep.) | kurliŋ | gwəlla: | luŋ-o, gore |
| dried |
kyoksi | areŋ, gaŋdu | gə̃gu | sot-ʔo |
| name |
umin | name | nã | məyŋ |
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