Nikōnion

Nikōnion (Ancient Greek: Νικώνιον; Latin: Niconium) and Nikōnia (Ancient Greek: Νικωνία)^[1][2][3] was an ancient Greek city on the east bank of the Dniester estuary. Its ruins are located 300 meters to the northwest of the modern village Roksolany, in the Odesa Raion of the Odesa Oblast, Ukraine.

Nikōnion / Nikōnia

Νικώνιον / Νικωνία
Coins from Nikōnion bearing the name of Scyles
Shown within Ukraine
Location	Roksolany, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine
Coordinates	46°11′0″N 30°26′13″E
Type	Settlement
Area	7 ha (17 acres)
History
Builder	Settlers from Miletus
Founded	Second half of the 6th century BC
Abandoned	Middle of the 3rd century AD
Periods	Archaic Greek to Roman Imperial
Cultures	Greek
Site notes
Condition	Ruined and partially submerged
Public access	Yes
Immovable Monument of National Significance of Ukraine
Official name	Городище Роксолани - стародавнє місто Ніконій (Roksolany hillfort - the ancient city of Nikonion)
Type	Archaeology
Reference no.	150018-Н

History

The site of Nikōnion

Nikōnion was founded in the second half of the 6th century BC by colonists from Miletus.^[4] On the opposite bank of the river other Milesian colonists had already founded Tyras. The city was founded at a time when many nomadic tribes were beginning to settle in the areas north of the Black Sea.^[5] The Greeks settled in this area because of the plentiful fishing and the opportunity to trade with these barbarian settlers.^[6]

Stone construction in the city began in the 5th century. At the turn of the 3rd-2nd centuries BC,^{[citation needed]} the city was destroyed, an event which was associated with the Macedonian commander Zopyrion, associate of Alexander the Great. In the 1st century BC, the size of the city increased from the previous period.^{[citation needed]} Nikōnion was abandoned permanently in the middle of the third century AD when the area was invaded by the Goths during the Great Migrations.^[4]

Archaeological excavations

The city was located on a plateau which now descends steeply into the Dniestr estuary, which has submerged the lower terrace of the city. The size of the city is estimated to be 7 hectares (17 acres).^[4]

According to the findings of excavations in the area, it appears that in the 5th-4th centuries BC, the money in Nikōnion mostly consisted of Histrian coins.^[7] It is also possible that Nikōnion itself minted coins, because some of the coins discovered during excavation are unique in appearance and bear the name of the Scythian king Scyles, who had established a protectorate over Nikōnion and other settlements in the area and may have been buried in the city.^[8]