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Nymphaea × marliacea
Water lily hybrid From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nymphaea × marliacea is an invasive[2] artificial waterlily hybrid of Nymphaea mexicana, Nymphaea alba[3][1] and or Nymphaea odorata.[4][5] It has been naturalised in Australia,[4] New Zealand,[6] North America,[7][3] and Europe.[5]
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Description
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Putative parent species of
Nymphaea × marliacea
Lat.-Marl.
Nymphaea × marliacea
Lat.-Marl.
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.
Nymphaea alba L.
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Nymphaea odorata Aiton
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea × marliacea is a perennial, aquatic,[4] rhizomatous,[8] herb[7][3] with large, branching,[9] stoloniferous,[8] horizontal, 35 mm wide rhizomes.[8] The glabrous,[10] suborbicular floating leaf[4] with a deep basal sinus[9] is up to 20 cm wide.[4] The leaves can extend beyond the water surface under crowded conditions.[11][12] The upper leaf surface shows a reddish brown marbled pattern, and the lower leaf surface displays purple spotting.[13] The glabrous petiole[10] reaches lengths of over 1 m.[9]
Generative characteristics
The large, often fragrant,[9] diurnal,[4] white,[11] or faintly pink or yellow,[14] up to 20 cm wide flowers float on the water surface[9] or extend beyond it.[15] The peduncle may reach lengths over 1 m.[9] The flower has four sepals.[4] The androecium consists of 50 stamens.[4] Flowering occurs from May to October.[13]
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Reproduction
It is a (generally) sterile hybrid.[11][16][9] It can reproduce vegetatively through stolons.[8]
Taxonomy
It was described by Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac in 1888.[17][18] The taxon authority appears to be disputed. Some sources give Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac as the taxon author,[1][19][20] while others give William Wildsmith,[8][4][21] or William Watson as the taxon author.[22] However, W. Watson credited Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac with the name and its description,[17] and therefore the name should be assigned to Latour-Marliac.[22] Nymphaea × marliacea has not been typified.[22] It is placed in the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea.[20]
Etymology
The hybrid name marliacea refers to the French horticulturist Joseph Bory Latour-Marliac (1830-1911).[22]
Hybridisation
A genetic analysis indicates it is closer to Nymphaea alba than to Nymphaea odorata.[23] A genetic analysis of ISSR data suggests that Nymphaea × marliacea, together with Nymphaea alba, forms a separate group from Nymphaea mexicana, Nymphaea odorata, and Nymphaea tetragona. The Nymphaea × marliacea-group is subdivided into two subgroups: Nymphaea × marliacea 'Chromatella' and Nymphaea × marliacea 'Albida' together with Nymphaea alba.[24]
Distribution
It has been introduced to Australia,[8][4] the United Kingdom,[19][22] Italy,[5][22] Spain,[22] Hungary,[22][25] Malta,[26] Canada,[7] the USA,[27][3] and New Zealand.[6]
Invasiveness
In Victoria, Australia it is regarded as somewhat invasive and it shows a slow dispersal rate.[28] Naturalised Nymphaea × marliacea plants grow vigorously and can cover almost the entire surface of ponds.[29][9] The naturalised plants appear to be planted deliberately and may not be able to disperse by themselves. Small populations may be eradicated through the removal of the rhizomes, but larger populations may require repeated mowing with specialised boats.[9]
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Habitat
It has been found growing in ponds, lakes,[9][14] and canals.[14]
Ecology
It is a host plant to the phytopathogenic fungus Rhamphospora nymphaeae.[30]
Cultivation
It is one of the most commonly cultivated hybrids.[15] It is a cold-hardy plant with vigorous growth.[31] It grows well in 0.5–1.5 m deep ponds.[32]
References
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