Orkhon River

The Orkhon River (/ˈɔːrkɒn/ OR-kon)^[1][a] is the longest river in Mongolia.

Orkhon
Native name	Орхон (Mongolian)
Location
Country	Mongolia
Aimags	Övörkhangai, Arkhangai, Bulgan, Darkhan-Uul, Selenge
Major cities	Kharkhorin (Karakorum), Sükhbaatar
Physical characteristics
Source	Suvraga Khairkhan
• location	Tsenkher sum, Arkhangai
• coordinates	47°2′59″N 101°20′30″E
Mouth	Selenga
• location	Sükhbaatar city, Selenge aimag
• coordinates	50°15′0″N 106°8′20″E
Length	1,124 km (698 mi)
Basin size	132,835 km2 (51,288 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Bulgan
• average	66 m3/s (2,300 cu ft/s)
• minimum	0.5 m3/s (18 cu ft/s)February
• maximum	190.2 m3/s (6,720 cu ft/s)July
Basin features
Progression	Selenga→ Lake Baikal→ Angara→ Yenisey→ Kara Sea
Tributaries
• left	Tamir River
• right	Tuul River, Kharaa River

Ulaan Tsutgalan waterfall

It rises in the Khangai Mountains in the Tsenkher sum of Arkhangai aimag at the foot of the Suvraga Khairkhan mountain.^[3] From there, it crosses the border into Övörkhangai aimag and follows the upper Orkhon valley in an eastern direction until it reaches Kharkhorin. On this stretch, very close to the Orkhon, the Ulaan Tsutgalan river features a waterfall, ten metres (33 ft) wide and twenty metres (66 ft) high,^[4] which is a popular destination for tourists.

From Kharkhorin it flows northwards until it reaches Bulgan aimag, and then north-east to join the Selenge River next to Sükhbaatar city in Selenge aimag, close to the Russian border.^[5] The Selenge then flows further north into Russia and Lake Baikal.

With 1,124 km (698 mi), the Orkhon is longer than the Selenge, making it the longest river in Mongolia. Major tributaries of the Orkhon river are the Tuul River and Tamir River.

There are two sets of ancient ruins along the river valley: Khar Balgas, the ancient capital of the Uyghur Kingdom and Karakorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire. Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov excavated several Xiongnu Imperial tombs in the area of the river valley.

Fish in the Orkhon River include pike, carp, perch, taimen and catfish.

UNESCO lists the Orkhon Valley as a World Heritage Site.

Usage

In 2014, almost 40 million m³ of water was withdrawn from the river for domestic, livestock, cropland and industrial use.^[6]

See also

• Khöshöö Tsaidam Monuments (World heritage site)
• List of rivers of Mongolia

Notes

1. Mongolian: Орхон гол [ɔ́rχɞɴ‿ɢ̊ɜɬ]; Old Chinese: 安侯水 *arhoushui^ ^[2]