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Tectivirus

Family of viruses From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tectivirus
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Tectiviridae is a family of viruses with 12 species in five genera. Bacteria serve as natural hosts.[2][3] Tectiviruses have no head-tail structure, but are capable of producing tail-like tubes of ~ 60×10 nm upon adsorption or after chloroform treatment. The name is derived from Latin tectus (meaning 'covered').[4]

Quick Facts Tectiviridae, Virus classification ...
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Virology

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Entry mechanism Enterobacteria phage PRD1

The virions of Tectiviridae species are non-enveloped, icosahedral and display a pseudo T=25 symmetry.[2] The capsid has two layers. The outer layer is a protein structure of 240 capsid proteins trimers, and the inner one is a proteinaceous lipid membrane which envelopes the virus genome. Apical spikes extending about 20 nanometers (nm) protrude from the icosahedrons vertices.[citation needed]

The genome is a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA of 15 kilobases in length, and has 30 open reading frames.[2] It forms a tightly packed coil and encodes several structural proteins. It encodes about 30 proteins that are transcribed in operons. At least 9 structural proteins are present in the viron. The genome is about 66 megadaltons in weight and constitutes 14–15% of the virion by weight. Lipids constitute a further 15% by weight. Carbohydrates are not present.[citation needed]

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Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell.[2] After adsorption to the host cell surface the virion extrudes a tail-tube structure through a vertex for genome delivery into the host. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription.[2] Capsid proteins polymerize around a lipoprotein vesicle translocated in the cytoplasm by virion assembly factors.

Mature virons are released by lysis, which, in the case of PRD1, is achieved with the aid of virus-encoded lysis machinery consisting of four proteins: P15 (endolysin),[5] P35 (holin),[6] P36 and P37 (homologues of the Rz/Rz1 proteins of phage lambda).[7]

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Taxonomy

Tectiviridae contains the following genera and species:[3]

  • Alphatectivirus
    • Alphatectivirus PR4
    • Alphatectivirus PRD1
  • Betatectivirus
    • Betatectivirus AP50
    • Betatectivirus Bam35
    • Betatectivirus GIL16
    • Betatectivirus sato
    • Betatectivirus sole
    • Betatectivirus Wip1
  • Deltatectivirus
    • Deltatectivirus forthebois
    • Deltatectivirus wheeheim
  • Epsilontectivirus
    • Epsilontectivirus toil
  • Gammatectivirus
    • Gammatectivirus GC1

Other unassigned phages:[8]

References

Further reading

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