Parides lysander

Parides lysander, the Lysander cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm.

Lysander cattleheart
Plate accompanying the original description in Cramer and Stoll's Uitlandsche Kapellen, P. lysander top left and bottom right
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. lysander
Binomial name
Parides lysander (Cramer, 1775)
Synonyms
Papilio lysander Cramer, [1775] Papilio euristeus Cramer, 1775 Papilio arbates Stoll, [1782] Papilio meleander Jablonsky, 1784 Papilio eurymas Godart, 1819 Papilio anaximander C. & R. Felder, 1865 Papilio lysander var. bari Oberthür, 1879 Papilio horracki Lathy, 1916 Papilio citrulli Fabricius, 1938 Papilio scaevola Fabricius, 1938 Papilio parsodes Gray, [1853] Papilio sonoria Gray, [1853] Priamides brissonius Hübner, [1819] Papilio phrynichus C. & R. Felder, 1864 Papilio lysander f. stramineus Biedermann, 1938 Papilio lysander isanae Rousseau-Decelle, 1943 Papilio lysander f. extensa Rousseau-Decelle, 1943 Papilio lysander f. reducta Rousseau-Decelle, 1943 Papilio lysander mattogrossensis Talbot, 1928 Papilio lysander ab. antalcidas Krüger, 1933

The larvae feed on Aristolochia species including A. huberiana, A. sprucei, A. littoralis, A. ruiziana, and A. leuconeura.

Top left is P. lysander

Subspecies

• P. l. lysander Guianas
• P. l. parsodes (Gray, [1853]) Brazil (Pará)
• P. l. brissonius (Hübner, [1819]) Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, S.Peru, Brazil (Amazonas)
• P. l. mattogrossensis (Talbot, 1928) Brazil (Mato Grosso)
• P. l. antalcidas Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994 Brazil (Pará)
• P. l. orinocoensis Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002 Colombia

Description from Seitz

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

P. lysander Cr. (= phrynichus Fldr.). Male with white scent-wool in the fold of the hindwing. Outer margin of the forewing in the female rounded; the last two red spots on the hindwing separated, standing obliquely one under the other; female-f. parsodes Gray (= sonoria Gray) has a large white area on the forewing, composed of several spots: in the female -f. arbates Stoll (= anaximenes Fldr.) the forewing has only one white spot; whilst in the female-f. brissonius Gray (5b) the forewing has no white spot at all. A male with yellow instead of red spots on the forewing has been described as ab. bari Oberth. — This species is known from the whole of the Amazon, East Peru and East Ecuador, as well as from the Guianas and Bogota; it has not hitherto been found in Bolivia nor in Brazil proper. It is a swamp species and flies heavily over the wettest places in the shade of the woods.^[1]

Description from Rothschild and Jordan (1906)

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[2]

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Taxonomy

Parides lysander is a member of the aeneas species group:^[3]

The members are

• Parides aeneas
• Parides aglaope
• Parides burchellanus
• Parides echemon
• Parides eurimedes – mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, or true cattleheart
• Parides lysander
• Parides neophilus – spear-winged cattleheart
• Parides orellana
• Parides panthonus – panthonus cattleheart
• Parides tros
• Parides zacynthus