Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome

Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (POS) is a medical condition characterized by a specific set of symptoms affecting the eye and nearby lymph nodes. Named after the French ophthalmologist Henri Parinaud, it should not be confused with the neurological syndrome caused by a lesion in the midbrain which is also known as Parinaud's syndrome. Both were named after the same person, Henri Parinaud.^{[citation needed]}

Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome
Specialty	Ophthalmology
Symptoms	Red, irritated, and painful eye; fever; general lack of well-being; swelling of nearby lymph glands; increased tearing
Usual onset	Varies based on underlying cause
Duration	Varies based on underlying cause and treatment
Causes	Most commonly caused by cat-scratch disease; occasionally caused by other infections
Risk factors	Exposure to cats, especially kittens; cat scratches or bites
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, clinical findings, and patient history; can include serology, culture, and PCR tests
Prevention	Avoiding cat scratches or bites; proper hygiene when handling cats
Treatment	Primarily involves treating the underlying cause
Medication	Depends on the underlying cause
Prognosis	Varies depending on the underlying cause and the patient's overall health
Frequency	Rare

Signs and symptoms

The syndrome manifests as granulomatous conjunctivitis in one eye, accompanied by swollen lymph nodes in front of the ear on the same side. Granulomatous conjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the white part of the eye, characterized by the presence of granulomas, small areas of inflammation due to tissue injury. Patients with POS may experience a red, irritated, and painful eye, fever, a general lack of well-being, swelling of nearby lymph glands, and sometimes increased tearing.^[1]

Causes

The most common cause of POS is cat-scratch disease, an infectious disease that typically results from a scratch or bite from a cat. However, this syndrome is an unusual feature of cat-scratch disease. In rare cases, other infections may also cause the syndrome.^[1]

• Bartonella henselae^[2]
• Francisella tularensis^[3]
• Herpes simplex virus type 1^[4]
• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis^[5]

Diagnosis

Diagnostic tests vary by symptoms, clinical findings, and patient history. They can include serology, culture, and PCR.^[6]