Pupilloidea

Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropods in the infraorder Pupilloidei.^[1] They are diverse in morphology, habitat, and ecological roles.

Pupilloidea
A live Vallonia pulchella (Valloniidae)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subcohort:	Panpulmonata
Superorder:	Eupulmonata
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Helicina
Infraorder:	Pupilloidei
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
Families
See text
Synonyms
Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 Cionelloidea L. Pfeiffer, 1879 · Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900 (1879) Enoidea B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880) Orculoidea Pilsbry, 1918 · Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900 Vertiginoidea Fitzinger, 1833

Description

They are characterized by their small, often cylindrical, ovate, or elongate shells. Their shells can range from smooth to ribbed or striated. They are generally tiny, ranging from a few millimeters to about a centimeter in length. The aperture often has denticles (teeth) or lamellae, which may play roles in predator deterrence or structural support. The margin of the aperture often features a well-defined peristome, sometimes thickened or reflected.

Distribution

Species in this superfamily are cosmopolitan, found on every continent except Antarctica. They can be found in dry and arid regions to temperate forests and even tropical zones.

Taxonomy

This superfamily contains the following families:^[1]

• Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873
• Agardhiellidae Harl & Páll-Gergely, 2017
• Amastridae Pilsbry, 1910
• Argnidae Hudec, 1965
• Cerastidae Wenz, 1923
• Cochlicopidae Pilsbry, 1900 (1879)
• Draparnaudiidae Solem, 1962
• Enidae B. B. Woodward, 1903 (1880)
• Fauxulidae Harl & Páll-Gergely, 2017
• Gastrocoptidae Pilsbry, 1918
• Lauriidae Steenberg, 1925
• Odontocycladidae Hausdorf, 1996
• Orculidae Pilsbry, 1918
• Pagodulinidae Pilsbry, 1924
• Partulidae Pilsbry, 1900
• Pleurodiscidae Wenz, 1923
• Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831
• Pyramidulidae Kennard & B. B. Woodward, 1914
• Spelaeoconchidae A. J. Wagner, 1928
• Spelaeodiscidae Steenberg, 1925
• Strobilopsidae Wenz, 1915
• Valloniidae Morse, 1864
• Vertiginidae Fitzinger, 1833

Synonyms

• Cerastuidae Wenz, 1930: synonym of Cerastidae Wenz, 1923
• Chondrulidae A. J. Wagner, 1928: synonym of Chondrulini Wenz, 1923 (junior synonym)
• Cionellidae L. Pfeiffer, 1879: synonym of Cochlicopidae Pilsbry, 1900 (1879)
• Elasmiatidae Kuroda & Habe, 1949: synonym of Elasmiatini Kuroda & Habe, 1949 (original rank)
• Family Pachnodidae Steenberg, 1925: synonym of Cerastidae Wenz, 1923
• Pupidae J. Fleming, 1822: synonym of Cerionidae Pilsbry, 1901 (invalid: type genus a junior homonym of Pupa Röding, 1798 [Acteonidae])
• Pupisomatidae Iredale, 1940: synonym of Valloniidae Morse, 1864
• Pupoididae Iredale, 1939: synonym of Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831
• Strobilidae Jooss, 1911: synonym of Strobilopsidae Wenz, 1915 (invalid: type genus a junior homonym of Strobila M. Sars, 1829 [Cnidaria])
• Tornatellinidae Sykes, 1900: synonym of Tornatellininae Sykes, 1900 (original rank)
• Zuidae Bourguignat, 1884: synonym of Cochlicopidae Pilsbry, 1900 (1879)