Pascal Sébah

Pascal Sébah (Arabic: باسكال صباح, romanized: Baskāl Ṣabāḥ; 1823 – June 25, 1886) was an Ottoman photographer in Istanbul and Cairo. Best known for his prolific photography of Anatolia, Egypt, and Greece, Sébah established the studio that would later become Sébah & Joaillier.

Pascal Sébah
Possible self-portrait of Pascal Sebah in front of the Sultan Ahmed III Fountain, c. 1867.
Born	1823 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died	June 25, 1886 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Children	Jean Pascal Sébah

For his photographer son, see Jean Pascal Sébah.

Photo of two Kurdish men and an Orthodox cleric, taken by Pascal Sébah at the universal exhibition in Vienna, 1873

Life and work

The Water Carrier, mounted photograph by Pascal Sébah

Pascal Sébah was born in Istanbul, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire, to a Syrian father and an Armenian mother.^[1]

He initially worked in collaboration with the French photographer, Henri Bechard.^[2] After receiving medals at the International Exhibition in Paris, he decided to open his own studio in Constantinople in 1857.^[3] Sébah's studio was known as ''El Chark (meaning "The Orient"), situated at 439 Grande Rue de Pera in the center of the city and close to the embassies and hotels where tourists met.^[4]

Sébah primarily produced photographs for the tourist trade. By the second half of the 19th century, tourist travel to Egypt had created a strong demand for photographs as souvenirs. Sébah was among a group of early photographers in Constantinople and Cairo to capitalise on this demand. These pioneering photographers included Félix Bonfils (1831-1885); Gustave Le Gray (1820-1884), brothers Henri and Emile Bechard; the British-Italian brothers Antonio Beato (c. 1832–1906) and Felice Beato and the Greek Zangaki brothers.^[5] By 1873 Sébah was successful enough to open a second studio in Cairo. The same year, he exhibited at the Ottoman pavilion of the Universal Exhibition in Vienna, Austria.^[2]

He established a valuable working relationship with Turkish painter and archeologist Osman Hamdi Bey, taking photographs as part of the artist's preparation, and in which he experimented with light and shade.^[6] In turn, Hamdi Bey selected Sébah to illustrate his text on the popular costumes worn by Turkish and other ethnic groups, entitled Les Costumes Populaires de la Turquie en 1873: ouvrage publié sous le patronage de la Commission impériale ottomane pour l'Exposition universelle de Vienne and published in 1873.^[7]

Following his death on 25 June 1886, the studio continued in business. It was managed by his brother, Cosmi, and in 1888 Polycarpe Joiallier became a partner. At this time, the company was renamed Sebah & Joaillier^[6] Pascal's son, Jean Pascal Sébah, also joined in 1888 and went on to run the studio with other photographers. The firm developed a reputation as the leading representative of Orientalist photography and in 1889 was appointed the Photographers by Appointment to the Prussian Court.^[6] Sébah's studio continued operations, in one form or another, until 1952 at the same address and then moved until its closure in 1973.^[1]

Sébah, a Syrian Catholic, was buried in the Feriköy Latin Catholic Cemetery in Istanbul. His son, Jean Pascal Sébah, is also buried there.

Gallery of photographs by Sébah

• 
  Portrait of Sultan Abdul Aziz by Pascal Sébah
• 
  Section of the Panoramic view of the Topkapı Palace, c. 1860–80, Brooklyn Museum
• 
  Damascus fashion, illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Turkish Women of Constantinople, illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Syrian fashion, illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Bedouins from Aleppo, illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Fashion (l-r): Zahle, Lebanon, and (Zgharta); illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Christian couple from Shkodra, illustration from the book Popular Costumes in Turkey, 1873
• 
  Dendra: "Temple of Hathor"
• 
  Abydoss Seti I Offering Incense to Osiris

See also

• List of Orientalist artists
• Orientalism