Pataxó-Hãhãhãe language

Pataxó-Hãhãhãe (Northern Pataxó, Hãhãhãe) is an extinct Maxakalían language formerly spoken in Brazil. It is distinct from the Pataxó language.^[2]

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (April 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 551 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua pataxó-hãhãhãe]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|pt|Língua pataxó-hãhãhãe}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Quick facts Native to, Region ...

Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Hahaháy, Northern Pataxó, Hãhãhãe
Native to	Brazil
Region	Minas Gerais, Bahia
Ethnicity	Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Extinct	1992, with the death of Bahetá^[1]
Revival	1999
Language family	Macro-Jê Maxakalían Maxakalí group Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`pth`
Glottolog	`pata1261`

History

In 1961, a Pataxó speaker named Tšitši'a (Txitxiáh)^[3] was recorded by Wilbur Pickering in Posto Caramurú (located 3 kilometers from Itaju, Bahia). Tšitši'a was married to a Baenã woman, but she could not speak the Baenã language. Pataxó people were also reported to be living in Itagüira, Itabuna, Bahia.^[4] The last speaker of Hãhãhãe in the Paraguaçu outpost, Bahetá, created lessons on the Pataxó language.^[5]

A 100-word primer of Pataxó exists, which is of great symbolic value to the community.^[6]^[7]

Remove ads

Geographical distribution

Pataxó as documented by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied during the early 1800s^[8] is distinct from Pataxó-Hãhãhãe.^[how?] It was historically spoken from the Mucuri River to Porto Seguro in southern Bahia from at least the 17th century.^[9]

From at least the 19th century, the Pataxó-Hãhãhãe had historically occupied a region stretching from the Pardo River to the de Contas River in southern Bahia.^[9]

Remove ads

Phonology

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid	ɛ		ʌ	ɔ
Open		a

Nasal vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	ĩ	ɨ̃	ũ
Mid	ẽ	ə̃	õ
Open-mid	ɛ̃		ʌ̃	ɔ̃
Open		ã

/ɨ, ɨ̃/ can also be heard as [ɪ, ɪ̃].^[10]^[11]

Consonants

More information Labial, Alveolar ...

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	p b	t	tʃ	k ɡ	ʔ
Fricative			ʃ ʒ		h
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Approximant	w