Pataxó-Hãhãhãe language

Pataxó-Hãhãhãe (Northern Pataxó, Hãhãhãe) is an extinct Maxakalían language formerly spoken in Brazil. It is distinct from the Pataxó language.^[2]

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Quick facts Native to, Region ...

Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Hahaháy, Northern Pataxó, Hãhãhãe
Native to	Brazil
Region	Minas Gerais, Bahia
Ethnicity	Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Extinct	1992, with the death of Bahetá^[1]
Revival	1999
Language family	Macro-Jê Maxakalían Maxakalí group Pataxó-Hãhãhãe
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`pth`
Glottolog	`pata1261`

History

In 1961, a Pataxó speaker named Tšitši'a (Txitxiáh)^[3] was recorded by Wilbur Pickering in Posto Caramurú (located 3 kilometers from Itaju, Bahia). Tšitši'a was married to a Baenã woman, but she could not speak the Baenã language. Pataxó people were also reported to be living in Itagüira, Itabuna, Bahia.^[4] The last speaker of Hãhãhãe in the Paraguaçu outpost, Bahetá, created lessons on the Pataxó language.^[5]

A 100-word primer of Pataxó exists, which is of great symbolic value to the community.^[6]^[7]

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Geographical distribution

Pataxó as documented by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied during the early 1800s^[8] is distinct from Pataxó-Hãhãhãe.^[how?] It was historically spoken from the Mucuri River to Porto Seguro in southern Bahia from at least the 17th century.^[9]

From at least the 19th century, the Pataxó-Hãhãhãe had historically occupied a region stretching from the Pardo River to the de Contas River in southern Bahia.^[9]

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Phonology

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open-mid	ɛ		ʌ	ɔ
Open		a

Nasal vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	ĩ	ɨ̃	ũ
Mid	ẽ	ə̃	õ
Open-mid	ɛ̃		ʌ̃	ɔ̃
Open		ã

/ɨ, ɨ̃/ can also be heard as [ɪ, ɪ̃].^[10]^[11]

Consonants

More information Labial, Alveolar ...

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	p b	t	tʃ	k ɡ	ʔ
Fricative			ʃ ʒ		h
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Approximant	w