Mumeng language

Mumeng is a dialect chain of the Austronesian family in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Dambi–Kumalu and Patep–Zenag–Gorakor have a degree of mutual intelligibility. Kapin may belong as well.

Mumeng
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Morobe Province
Native speakers	(7,100 Kumalu, Zenag, Gorakor cited 1979)[1] 1,700 Patep (2003), 350 Dambi (2000)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea ? Ngero–Vitiaz ? Huon Gulf South Huon Gulf Hote–Buang Buang Mumeng
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: dac – Dambi ksl – Kumalu ptp – Patep (Ptep, Dengalu) zeg – Zenag (Zenang) goc – Gorakor
Glottolog	mume1239
ELP	Dengalu
Mumeng is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Phonology

The following is of the Patep dialect:^[2]

Consonants

		Bilabial			Alveolar		Palatal	Back-velar		Glottal
		plain	pal.	lab.	plain	pal.		plain	lab.
Plosive	voiceless	p	pʲ	pʷ	t	tʲ		k̠	k̠ʷ
	prenasal	ᵐb	ᵐbʲ	ᵐbʷ	ⁿd	ⁿdʲ		ᵑɡ̠	ᵑɡ̠ʷ
Affricate					ⁿdz
Fricative	voiceless				s					h
	voiced/pren.	β	βʲ		(ⁿz)			ɣ̠
Nasal		m	mʲ	mʷ	n	nʲ		ŋ̠	ŋ̠ʷ
Lateral					l
Approximant		β̞					j

• The prenasal affricate /ⁿdz/ may also fluctuate to a prenasal fricative [ⁿz] in free variation among speech.
• /ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ̠/ are heard as prenasal voiceless stops [ᵐp, ⁿt, ᵑk̠] when in word-final positions.
• /k̠/ is mostly heard as a glottal stop [ʔ] in word-final positions.
• /l/ may be heard as fricativized [l̝] or more fronted as [l̟] in word-final position.^[2]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a