Édouard-Henri Avril

Édouard-Henri Avril (French: [avʁil]; 21 May 1849 – 28 July 1928) was a French painter and commercial artist. Under the pseudonym Paul Avril, he was an illustrator of erotic literature.^[1]

Quick facts Born, Died ...

Édouard-Henri Avril
Portrait of Avril (c. 1885)
Born	(1849-05-21)21 May 1849 Algiers, French Algeria
Died	28 July 1928(1928-07-28) (aged 79) Le Raincy near Paris, France
Education	École des Beaux-Arts
Known for	Illustrator of erotic literature
Notable work	De figuris Veneris, Fortunio
Awards	Legion of Honour

Avril was a soldier before starting his career in art; he was awarded with the Legion of Honour for his actions in the Franco-Prussian War.^[2]

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Life

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Avril was born in Algiers. His father was a colonel of the gendarmerie. Avril himself fought and was wounded in the Franco-Prussian War before starting his studies in art. He was awarded with the Legion of Honour on 31 May 1871 for injuries sustained during the war, which resulted in retirement from his military career on 23 January 1872.^[3]

Biographical material of his life is scarce due to the perceived obscene nature of his work and because he worked under a pseudonym of "Paul Avril".^[4] His pseudonym can lead to a confusion with his brother,^[1]^[5] who was named Paul-Victor Avril and was also an artist and worked as an engraver.^[5]

From 1874 to 1878, he was at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.^[4]^[3] He worked for the illustrated newsmagazine Le Monde illustré in 1882.^[5]^[6]

Having been commissioned to illustrate Théophile Gautier's novel Fortunio, he adopted the pseudonym "Paul Avril".^[7] His reputation was soon established, and he received many commissions to illustrate both major authors and the so-called "galante literature" of the day, a form of erotica. However, his reputation as a commercial illustrator of novels was established before he began illustrating the more underground erotic literature. These books were typically sold in small editions on a subscription basis organised by collectors. Erotica of that time received very limited prints and sometimes were limited to only about 100 copies or were sold only within exclusive circles of collectors.^{[citation needed]}

Because of the perceived obscenity of Avril and his works, it is difficult to assess the impact that his art might have had on the culture of the time.^[4]

Avril died at Le Raincy near Paris in 1928.^[8]

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Works

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Avril's major work were the illustrations in 1906 for De Figuris Veneris: A Manual of Classical Erotica. Avril also illustrated John Cleland's Fanny Hill (also known as Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure), which was a significant and controversial publication of its time as it was the first novel to bring erotica to English literature. The book's edition that Avril illustrated includes Les charmes de Fanny exposés, which is one of his better-known pictures. He illustrated works including Gustave Flaubert's Salammbô, Gautier's Le Roi Caundale,^[1]^[4]^[9] Jean Baptiste Louvet de Couvray's Adventures of the Chevalier de Faublas, Mario Uchard's Mon Oncle Barbassou (scenes in a harem), Jules Michelet's The Madam, Hector France's Musk, Hashish and Blood, the writings of Pietro Aretino, and the anonymous lesbian novel Gamiani.^[3]^[7]

Classicizing works illustrated by Avril include Oeuvres d’Horace (1887), Une nuit de Cléopâtre (1894), Daphnis et Chloé (1898), and Les sonnets luxurieux de l’Aretin (1904).^[10] Avril might be best known for his sapphic illustrations.^[11]

Prolific erotica collector Henry Spencer Ashbee commissioned Avril to design a bookplate for him.^[10] Avril worked with Octave Uzanne,^[11]^[12] who after, leaving the Société des Amis des Livres which he found too conservative and too concerned with the reissue of old works, started two new bibliographic societies. The Société des Bibliophiles Contemporaines (1889–1894)^[13] consisted of 160 people from literary circles, including Avril.^[12]

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Gallery

Les Sonnets Luxurieux

Sexual intercourse in the missionary position
Les Sonnets Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino
Les Sonnets Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino
Les Sonnets Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino
Les Sonnets Luxurieux (1892) de Pietro Aretino

De figuris Veneris from Friedrich Karl Forberg (1770–1848)

Cover
Missionary position
Illustration of cunnilingus
A man masturbating while sexually fantasizing
Illustration of a threesome between two men and a woman (Plate XVIII)
Depiction of bestiality (Plate XVII)
Illustration of a foursome
Illustration of an orgy
Depiction of a woman on top position
Depiction of cunnilingus in the life of Sappho
Dildo being used by two women
Interpretation of Roman emperor Hadrian and Antinous engaged in anal intercourse (Plate VII)
The placard in the lower right hand corner reads "Gnothi seauton", Socrates' admonition to his friends to "know yourself".
Depiction of fellatio

Fanny Hill from John Cleland

Illustration I: The Ceremonial of Fanny's initiation, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration II: Mr Croft's attempt to seduce Fanny, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration III: Polly Philips and the young Italian, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration IV: Charles plucks Fanny's virgin flower, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration V: Fanny emboldens William, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration VI: Mr. H... surprises Fanny and William, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration VII: Louisa and the lodger's son, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration VIII: Fanny's beauties displayed, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration IX: Fanny and the sailor, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration X: Fanny whips Mr. Barville, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration XI: The bathing party, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907
Illustration XII: Charles and Fanny, Édouard-Henri Avril, 1907